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Journal ArticleDOI

MODTRAN cloud and multiple scattering upgrades with application to AVIRIS

TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of these upgrades on predictions for AVIRIS viewing scenarios is discussed for both clear and clouded skies; the CK approach provides refined predictions for nadir and near-nadir viewing.
About: This article is published in Remote Sensing of Environment.The article was published on 1998-09-01. It has received 711 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: MODTRAN & Radiance.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) was the first imaging sensor to measure the solar reflected spectrum from 400 nm to 2500 nm at 10 nm intervals as mentioned in this paper.

1,729 citations


Cites background from "MODTRAN cloud and multiple scatteri..."

  • ...…istrace quantities of vegetation has been pursued with AVIRIS (Elvidge, 1990; Chen et al., 1992; Elvidge et al., posed in terms of the distribution of minerals exposed at the surface.1993), as well as assessment of vegetation fraction (Sabol Coastal and Inland Waters spectrum (Berk et al., 1998)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The various algorithms being used for the remote sensing of cloud properties from MODIS data with an emphasis on the pixel-level retrievals (referred to as Level-2 products), with 1-km or 5-km spatial resolution at nadir are described.
Abstract: The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of five instruments aboard the Terra Earth Observing System (EOS) platform launched in December 1999. After achieving final orbit, MODIS began Earth observations in late February 2000 and has been acquiring data since that time. The instrument is also being flown on the Aqua spacecraft, launched in May 2002. A comprehensive set of remote sensing algorithms for cloud detection and the retrieval of cloud physical and optical properties have been developed by members of the MODIS atmosphere science team. The archived products from these algorithms have applications in climate change studies, climate modeling, numerical weather prediction, as well as fundamental atmospheric research. In addition to an extensive cloud mask, products include cloud-top properties (temperature, pressure, effective emissivity), cloud thermodynamic phase, cloud optical and microphysical parameters (optical thickness, effective particle radius, water path), as well as derived statistics. We will describe the various algorithms being used for the remote sensing of cloud properties from MODIS data with an emphasis on the pixel-level retrievals (referred to as Level-2 products), with 1-km or 5-km spatial resolution at nadir. An example of each Level-2 cloud product from a common data granule (5 min of data) off the coast of South America will be discussed. Future efforts will also be mentioned. Relevant points related to the global gridded statistics products (Level-3) are highlighted though additional details are given in an accompanying paper in this issue.

1,636 citations


Cites methods from "MODTRAN cloud and multiple scatteri..."

  • ...A library of band-averaged transmittances was calculated using MODTRAN4 [35] for a variety of cloud moisture and temperature profiles, combinations of and , and selected...

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  • ...A library of band-averaged transmittances was calculated using MODTRAN4 [35] for a variety of cloud moisture and temperature profiles, combinations of and , and selected pressure heights....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of using satellite spectral reflectance measurements to map and monitor vegetation water content (VWC) for corn and soybean canopies was evaluated, and a method developed was used to map daily VWC for the watershed over the 1-month experiment period.

746 citations


Cites methods from "MODTRAN cloud and multiple scatteri..."

  • ...…via comparisons with limited ground based reflectance observations obtained during SMEX02 and also with the results from the MODTRAN4 program (Berk et al., 1998) using atmospheric profiles of pressure, temperature, and water vapor from radiosonde data obtained within the watershed during…...

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  • ...These data were validated via comparisons with limited ground based reflectance observations obtained during SMEX02 and also with the results from the MODTRAN4 program (Berk et al., 1998) using atmospheric profiles of pressure, temperature, and water vapor from radiosonde data obtained within the watershed during SMEX02....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the state variables of land surface temperature from thermal infrared data, surface soil moisture from passive microwave data, snow cover using both visible and microwave data and estimating landscape surface roughness using lidar are considered.

673 citations


Cites methods from "MODTRAN cloud and multiple scatteri..."

  • ...j can be calculated using atmospheric radiative transfer codes, such as MODTRAN [ 9 ]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The further exploitation of hyperspectral imaging on a global basis awaits the launch of a high performance imaging spectrometer and more researchers with sufficient resources to take advantage of the vast information content inherent in the data.

661 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 1950

9,085 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An advanced, thoroughly documented, and quite general purpose discrete ordinate algorithm for time-independent transfer calculations in vertically inhomogeneous, nonisothermal, plane-parallel media for Atmospheric applications ranging from the UV to the radar region of the electromagnetic spectrum is summarized.
Abstract: The transfer of monochromatic radiation in a scattering, absorbing, and emitting plane-parallel medium with a specified bidirectional reflectivity at the lower boundary is considered. The equations and boundary conditions are summarized. The numerical implementation of the theory is discussed with attention given to the reliable and efficient computation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Ways of avoiding fatal overflows and ill-conditioning in the matrix inversion needed to determine the integration constants are also presented.

3,257 citations


"MODTRAN cloud and multiple scatteri..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...DISORT set to 758....

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  • ...Inacmunications, 1996); the development and integration into curate fluxes result from the multiple scattering algoMODTRAN of a curved-Earth, refractive path DISORT rithms if the original coarser layering is used....

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  • ...DISORT performscontributions dominate....

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  • ...7, consistent with proper matching ORT (Stamnes and Swanson, 1981; Stamnes et al., 1988)of a single-layer band model transmittances by the CK run with eight streams over a limited spectral subregion.approach....

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  • ...Under this circumstance, the effective molecu- but slower DISORT N-stream discrete ordinate method lar optical depth for the bottom layers of the atmosphere (Stamnes et al., 1988; Stamnes and Swanson, 1981; Goody are incorrectly represented by Eq....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The HITRAN molecular absorption database as mentioned in this paper contains line parameters for 31 species and their isotopomers that are significant for terrestrial atmospheric studies, including chlorofluorocarbons and other molecular species that are not amenable to line-by-line representation.
Abstract: We describe in this paper the modifications, improvements, and enhancements to the HITRAN molecular absorption database that have occurred in the two editions of 1991 and 1992 The current database includes line parameters for 31 species and their isotopomers that are significant for terrestrial atmospheric studies This line-by-line portion of HITRAN presently contains about 709,000 transitions between 0 and 23,000/cm and contains three molecules not present in earlier versions: COF2, SF6, and H2S The HITRAN compilation has substantially more information on chlorofluorocarbons and other molecular species that exhibit dense spectra which are not amenable to line-by-line representation The user access of the database has been advanced, and new media forms are now available for use on personal computers

1,442 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A radiative transfer method for treating nongray gaseous absorption and thermal emission in vertically inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres is described in this paper, where probability density distributions of absorption coefficient strength are derived from line-by-line calculations to construct line-By-line and band model based k distributions.
Abstract: A radiative transfer method for treating nongray gaseous absorption and thermal emission in vertically inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres is described. Probability density distributions of absorption coefficient strength are derived from line-by-line calculations to construct line-by-line and band model based k distributions. The monotonic ordering of absorption coefficient strengths in these k distributions implicitly preserves the monochromatic structure of the atmosphere at different pressure levels, thus simulating monochromatic spectral integration at a fraction of the line-by-line computing cost. The k distribution approach also permits accurate modeling of overlapping absorption by different atmospheric gases and accurate treatment of nongray absorption in multiple scattering media. It is shown that the correlated k distribution method is capable of achieving numerical accuracy to within 1 percent of cooling rates obtained with line-by-line calculations throughout the troposphere and most of the stratosphere.

1,020 citations


"MODTRAN cloud and multiple scatteri..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...To alleviate the computational burden, the imax absorption coefficients can be ordered and combined into a smaller set (Lacis and Oinas, 1991)....

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  • ...For low altitude TO MODTRAN paths, fewer g values are required, and an approach for optimally combining the subintervals is presently being Addition of a CK capability (Lacis and Oinas, 1991; Goody developed. and Yung, 1989) in MODTRAN4 provides an improved At run time, the line parameters are calculated for means for calculating atmospheric radiances including the each layer and spectral bin, and interpolated between the effects of multiple scattering (Bernstein et al....

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  • ...…MODTRAN paths, fewer g values are required, and an approach for optimally combining the subintervals is presently beingAddition of a CK capability (Lacis and Oinas, 1991; Goody developed.and Yung, 1989) in MODTRAN4 provides an improved At run time, the line parameters are calculated formeans for…...

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  • ...To alleviate the computational burden, the iMmax absorption coefficients can be ordered and combined into a smaller set (Lacis and Oinas, 1991)....

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