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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Modulated model predictive control (M 2 PC) with fixed switching frequency for an NPC converter

TL;DR: In this paper, a modulated model predictive control (M2PC) strategy is proposed for constant switching frequency operation and verified with a neutral point-clamped (NPC) converter for load current regulation and DC-link capacitor voltages balancing.
Abstract: Advances in power electronic converters technology along with the wide range of applications require sophisticated digital control schemes In the recent years Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) has been successfully proposed as an alternative to the traditional control techniques, due to its fast dynamic response, easy inclusion of nonlinearities and constraints in the control algorithm and the ability of incorporate several control requirements in one cost function However, FCS-MPC is characterized by a variable switching frequency which can cause a degradation in system performance, or demand higher output filtering In this paper a Modulated Model Predictive Control (M2PC) strategy is proposed for constant switching frequency operation and verified with a neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converter for load current regulation and DC-link capacitor voltages balancing The aim of this control technique is to obtain a modulated waveform at the output of the converter, whilst maintaining all the desired characteristics of FCS-MPC The feasibility of this strategy is evaluated using simulation and compared to the classical FCS-MPC strategy
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the use of a model-predictive control strategy to control a direct matrix converter and proposed a control method combining the features of the classical model-predictive control and the space vector modulation technique.
Abstract: This paper investigates the use of a model-predictive control strategy to control a direct matrix converter. The proposed control method combines the features of the classical model-predictive control and the space vector modulation technique into a modulated model-predictive control. This new solution maintains all the characteristics of model-predictive control (such as fast transient response, multiobjective control using only one feedback loop, easy inclusion of nonlinearities and constraints of the system, and the flexibility to include other system requirements in the controller), adding the advantages of working at fixed switching frequency and improving the quality of the controlled waveforms. Simulation and experimental results employing the control method to a direct matrix converter are presented.

73 citations


Cites methods from "Modulated model predictive control ..."

  • ...This is overcome by modulated model predictive control (M2PC), which has been proposed for a cascaded H-bridge converter [20]–[22], an active front-end rectifier [23], a two-level inverter [24], a three-phase rectifier [25], a neutral point clamp converter [26], and an indirect MC [27]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents a novel model predictive control (MPC) for the T-type single-phase three-level inverters, where the cumbersome procedure in tuning of weighting factors is eliminated and the implementation of the proposed MPC becomes easy.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel model predictive control (MPC) for the T-type single-phase three-level inverters. The cumbersome procedure in tuning of weighting factors is eliminated so that the implementation of the proposed MPC becomes easy. The constant switching frequency is achieved during the control implementation in order to facilitate the filter design. In order to optimize the distribution of the output current harmonics, multiple voltage vectors are employed in each control cycle with their application times setting inversely proportion to the respective cost function. The redundant small voltage vectors are utilized to balance the neutral point voltage of the inverter by directly regulating the upper and lower dc-link capacitors voltages. Finally, the proposed MPC algorithm is experimentally evaluated and compared with other two unfixed switching frequency MPC algorithms in terms of the steady state, transient performance, and parameter sensitivity.

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
27 Jul 2020
TL;DR: Compared with the conventional FCS-MPC, the proposed OST-M2PC method has a fixed switching frequency as well as better power quality and can operate at a 20-kHz sampling frequency, reducing the computational burden of the processor.
Abstract: Conventional finite control set model-predictive control (FCS-MPC) presents a high computational burden, especially in three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converters. This article proposes a low-complexity optimal switching time-modulated model-predictive control (OST-M2PC) method for a three-level NPC converter. In the proposed OST-M2PC method, the optimal switching time is calculated using a cost function. Compared with the conventional FCS-MPC, the proposed OST-M2PC method has a fixed switching frequency as well as better power quality. The proposed OST-M2PC can operate at a 20-kHz sampling frequency, reducing the computational burden of the processor. Simulation and experimental results validate the operation of the proposed method.

53 citations


Cites background or methods from "Modulated model predictive control ..."

  • ...However, this method is essentially the same as conventional FCS-MPC, which has a variable switching frequency as well as a larger current ripple than M2PC [17]....

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  • ...Only one basic vector is selected in each sample period that causes a high current THD as well as the torque ripple of PMSM [23] (see [17] and [24]...

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  • ...Details of the M2PC method for three-level NPC converter can be found in [17] and [18]....

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  • ...of the SFCS-MPC, the M2PC [17], and the proposed OST-M2PC, respectively....

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  • ...As seen in this table, the running times of conventional FCS-MPC, MP2C [17], SFC-M2PC, and OST-M2PC obtained using CCS 6....

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Journal ArticleDOI
10 Feb 2020
TL;DR: This article proposes multiple-voltage-vector (MVV) MPC algorithms with reduced complexity and fixed switching frequency for T-type three-phase three-level inverters for multilevel inverter applications.
Abstract: Conventional model predictive control (MPC) suffers from unfixed switching frequency, heavy computational burden, and cumbersome weighting factors’ tuning, especially for multilevel inverter applications due to a large number of voltage vectors. To address these concerns, this article proposes multiple-voltage-vector (MVV) MPC algorithms with reduced complexity and fixed switching frequency for T-type three-phase three-level inverters. First, MMVs are adopted during each control period, and their execution times are set according to the predefined cost functions. Second, weighting factors for balancing the neutral point (NP) voltage in the cost function are eliminated by utilizing redundant voltage vectors, which simplifies the control implementation. Third, through mapping the reference voltage in the first large sector, the calculation complexity for the execution times of voltage vectors in different large sectors becomes much lower. Finally, main experimental results were presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
30 Oct 2019
TL;DR: A double-vector-based model predictive control method with efficient computation for single-phase five-level active neutral-point clamped (5L-ANPC) converters is proposed, resulting in reduced output current ripples and fixed switching frequency.
Abstract: In this article, a double-vector-based model predictive control (MPC) method with efficient computation for single-phase five-level active neutral-point clamped (5L-ANPC) converters is proposed. It uses double voltage vectors per control cycle rather than the single in the conventional MPC method, resulting in reduced output current ripples and fixed switching frequency. First, the MPC method based on the Lyapunov function is optimized to select two voltage sectors rather than 25, reducing the calculation complexity significantly. Then, two current tracking algorithms based on double voltage vectors are presented, which are using the current cost function and current slope, respectively. Finally, a fast voltage balancing scheme for the dc-link and flying capacitors is developed and embedded in the MPC method. Both simulated and experimental results are used to validate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed MPC method.

31 citations


Cites methods from "Modulated model predictive control ..."

  • ...M2PC has been applied in shunt active filters [30], indirect matrix converters [31], and three-phase three-level converters [32], [33]....

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References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper first presents a brief overview of well-established multilevel converters strongly oriented to their current state in industrial applications to then center the discussion on the new converters that have made their way into the industry.
Abstract: Multilevel converters have been under research and development for more than three decades and have found successful industrial application. However, this is still a technology under development, and many new contributions and new commercial topologies have been reported in the last few years. The aim of this paper is to group and review these recent contributions, in order to establish the current state of the art and trends of the technology, to provide readers with a comprehensive and insightful review of where multilevel converter technology stands and is heading. This paper first presents a brief overview of well-established multilevel converters strongly oriented to their current state in industrial applications to then center the discussion on the new converters that have made their way into the industry. In addition, new promising topologies are discussed. Recent advances made in modulation and control of multilevel converters are also addressed. A great part of this paper is devoted to show nontraditional applications powered by multilevel converters and how multilevel converters are becoming an enabling technology in many industrial sectors. Finally, some future trends and challenges in the further development of this technology are discussed to motivate future contributions that address open problems and explore new possibilities.

3,415 citations


"Modulated model predictive control ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In fact, they can be used at high power levels with reduced common mode voltages, total harmonic distortion and electromagnetic interference [1]....

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Book
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model for high-power switchings with SCR rectifiers and demonstrate how to use SCR Rectifiers to control high power switchings.
Abstract: Preface. Part One Introduction. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Technical Requirements and Challenges. 1.3 Converter Configurations. 1.4 MV Industrial Drives. 1.5 Summary. References. Appendix. 2. High-Power Semiconductor Devices. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 High-Power Switching Devices. 2.3 Operation of Series-Connected Devices. 2.4 Summary. References. Part Two Multipulse Diode and SCR Rectifiers. 3. Multipulse Diode Rectifiers. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Six-Pulse Diode Rectifier. 3.3 Series-Type Multipulse Diode Rectifiers. 3.4 Separate-Type Multipulse Diode Rectifiers. 3.5 Summary.(c) References. 4. Multipulse SCR Rectifiers. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Six-Pulse SCR Rectifier. 4.3 12-Pulse SCR Rectifier. 4.4 18- and 24-Pulse SCR Rectifiers. 4.5 Summary. References. 5. Phase-Shifting Transformers. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Y/Z Phase-Shifting Transformers. 5.3 /Z Transformers. 5.4 Harmonic Current Cancellation. 5.5 Summary. Part Three Multilevel Voltage Source Converters. 6. Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Sinusoidal PWM. 6.3 Space Vector Modulation. 6.4 Summary. References. 7. Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 H-Bridge Inverter. 7.3 Multilevel Inverter Topologies. 7.4 Carrier Based PWM Schemes. 7.5 Staircase Modulation. 7.6 Summary. References. 8. Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverters. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Three-Level Inverter. 8.3 Space Vector Modulation. 8.4 Neutral-Point Voltage Control. 8.5 Other Space Vector Modulation Algorithms. 8.6 High-Level Diode-Clamped Inverters. 8.7 Summary. References. Appendix. 9. Other Multilevel Voltage Source Inverters. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 NPC/H-Bridge Inverter. 9.3 Multilevel Flying-Capacitor Inverters. 9.4 Summary. References. Part Four PWM Current Source Converters. 10. PWM Current Source Inverters. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 PWM Current Source Inverter. 10.3 Space Vector Modulation. 10.4 Parallel Current Source Inverters. 10.5 Load-Commutated Inverter (LCI). 10.6 Summary. References. Appendix. 11. PWM Current Source Rectifiers. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Single-Bridge Current Source Rectifier. 11.3 Dual-Bridge Current Source Rectifier. 11.4 Power Factor Control . 11.5 Active Damping Control. 11.6 Summary. References. Appendix. Part Five High-Power AC Drives. 12. Voltage Source Inverter-Fed Drives. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Two-Level VBSI-Based MV Drives. 12.3 Neutral-Point Clamped (NPC) Inverter-Fed Drives. 12.4 Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) Inverter-Fed Drives. 12.5 NPC/H-Bridge Inverter-Fed Drives. 12.6 Summary. References. 13. Current Source Inverter-Fed Drives. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 CSI Drives with PWM Rectifiers. 13.3 Transformerless CSI Drive for Standard AC Motors. 13.4 CSI Drive with Multipulse SCR Rectifier. 13.5 LCI Drives for Synchronous Motors. 13.6 Summary. References. 14. Advanced Drive Control Schemes. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Reference Frame Transformation. 14.3 Induction Motor Dynamic Models. 14.4 Principle of Field-Oriented Control (FOC). 14.5 Direct Field-Oriented Control. 14.6 Indirect Field-Oriented Control. 14.7 FOC for CSI-Fed Drives. 14.8 Direct Torque Control. 14.9 Summary. References. Abbreviations. Appendix Projects for Graduate-Level Courses. P. 1 Introduction. P. 2 Sample Project. P. 3 Answers to Sample Project. Index. About the Author.

1,870 citations


"Modulated model predictive control ..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...These converters employ clamping diodes and cascaded DC capacitors to produce AC voltage waveforms with multiple levels [2]....

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  • ...The switching states and the corresponding converter terminal voltages are shown in Table I, where, it can be noted that: (a) only two switches conduct at any time, and (b) switch pairs (S1x, S1x) and (S2x, S2x) operate in a complementary manner [2]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The basic operation and the most used modulation and control techniques developed to date of neutral-point-clamped inverters are presented and some technological problems such as capacitor balance and losses are presented.
Abstract: Neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters are the most widely used topology of multilevel inverters in high-power applications (several megawatts). This paper presents in a very simple way the basic operation and the most used modulation and control techniques developed to date. Special attention is paid to the loss distribution in semiconductors, and an active NPC inverter is presented to overcome this problem. This paper discusses the main fields of application and presents some technological problems such as capacitor balance and losses.

1,556 citations


"Modulated model predictive control ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The three-level diode-clamped converters is often known as the neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converters and is used in many high-power, medium-voltage industrial applications [3]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The feasibility and great potential of FCS-MPC due to present-day signal-processing capabilities, particularly for power systems with a reduced number of switching states and more complex operating principles, such as matrix converters are found.
Abstract: This paper presents a detailed description of finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) applied to power converters Several key aspects related to this methodology are, in depth, presented and compared with traditional power converter control techniques, such as linear controllers with pulsewidth-modulation-based methods The basic concepts, operating principles, control diagrams, and results are used to provide a comparison between the different control strategies The analysis is performed on a traditional three-phase voltage source inverter, used as a simple and comprehensive reference frame However, additional topologies and power systems are addressed to highlight differences, potentialities, and challenges of FCS-MPC Among the conclusions are the feasibility and great potential of FCS-MPC due to present-day signal-processing capabilities, particularly for power systems with a reduced number of switching states and more complex operating principles, such as matrix converters In addition, the possibility to address different or additional control objectives easily in a single cost function enables a simple, flexible, and improved performance controller for power-conversion systems

1,554 citations


"Modulated model predictive control ..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...This control method has been extendedly implemented in different converter topologies and applications such as: DC/AC converters, AC/DC converters and AC/AC converters [5], [10], [29]....

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  • ...Additional constraints such as switching frequency reduction, current limitation and spectrum shaping can be included just by adding those conditions in the cost function [5]....

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  • ...In fact, it is a simple, intuitive, powerful tool to control power converters with diverse and complex control challenges and restrictions [5], [6]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple classification of the most important types of predictive control is introduced, and each one of them is explained including some application examples.
Abstract: Predictive control is a very wide class of controllers that have found rather recent application in the control of power converters. Research on this topic has been increased in the last years due to the possibilities of today's microprocessors used for the control. This paper presents the application of different predictive control methods to power electronics and drives. A simple classification of the most important types of predictive control is introduced, and each one of them is explained including some application examples. Predictive control presents several advantages that make it suitable for the control of power converters and drives. The different control schemes and applications presented in this paper illustrate the effectiveness and flexibility of predictive control.

1,389 citations