Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance That Impact Cardiovascular Biology
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...In insulin resistance, the target cells fail to respond to ordinary levels of circulating insulin thus higher concentrations of insulin are required for a normal response [34]....
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"Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Res..." refers background in this paper
...Insulin resistance has elicited great interest in medical and scientific communities because of its association with cardiovascular disease (3,4)....
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"Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Res..." refers background in this paper
...Finally, the role of RAAS in the development of insulin resistance is suggested by a reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes in animal models and in individuals in clinical trials of ACE inhibitors and ARBs (48,55)....
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...It is important to note that the HOPE trial demonstrated that despite almost identical levels of blood pressure, patients with diabetes treated with an ACE inhibitor (ramipril) displayed a significant reduction in cardiovascular events (48)....
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...Two additional trials (the Reduction of End Points in Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan [RENAAL] trial and the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial [IDNT]) have provided convincing evidence that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) significantly reduce the rate of death and development of end-stage renal disease (53,54)....
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...4) RAAS The pathophysiological link between angiotensin II and atherosclerosis has been firmly established (48)....
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