Molecular Mechanisms of White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection and Perspectives on Treatments.
Bas Verbruggen,Lisa K. Bickley,Ronny van Aerle,Kelly S. Bateman,Grant D. Stentiford,Eduarda M. Santos,Charles R. Tyler +6 more
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TLDR
Current knowledge of how WSSV infects and replicates in its host, and critique strategies for WSD treatment are assessed.Abstract:
Since its emergence in the 1990s, White Spot Disease (WSD) has had major economic and societal impact in the crustacean aquaculture sector. Over the years shrimp farming alone has experienced billion dollar losses through WSD. The disease is caused by the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), a large dsDNA virus and the only member of the Nimaviridae family. Susceptibility to WSSV in a wide range of crustacean hosts makes it a major risk factor in the translocation of live animals and in commodity products. Currently there are no effective treatments for this disease. Understanding the molecular basis of disease processes has contributed significantly to the treatment of many human and animal pathogens, and with a similar aim considerable efforts have been directed towards understanding host-pathogen molecular interactions for WSD. Work on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in aquatic crustaceans has been restricted by a lack of sequenced and annotated genomes for host species. Nevertheless, some of the key host-pathogen interactions have been established: between viral envelope proteins and host cell receptors at initiation of infection, involvement of various immune system pathways in response to WSSV, and the roles of various host and virus miRNAs in mitigation or progression of disease. Despite these advances, many fundamental knowledge gaps remain; for example, the roles of the majority of WSSV proteins are still unknown. In this review we assess current knowledge of how WSSV infects and replicates in its host, and critique strategies for WSD treatment.read more
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Harnessing genomics to fast-track genetic improvement in aquaculture.
Ross D. Houston,Tim P. Bean,Daniel J. Macqueen,Manu Kumar Gundappa,Ye Hwa Jin,Tom L. Jenkins,Sarah Louise C Selly,Samuel A.M. Martin,Jamie R. Stevens,Eduarda M. Santos,Andrew Davie,Diego Robledo +11 more
TL;DR: The authors review how genomics is being applied to aquaculture species at all stages of the domestication process to optimize selective breeding and how combining genomic selection with biotechnological innovations, such as genome editing and surrogate broodstock technologies, may further expedite genetic improvement in Aquaculture.
Journal ArticleDOI
WSSV-host interaction: Host response and immune evasion.
TL;DR: The current knowledge of the innate immune responses of shrimps to WSSV, as well as the molecular mechanisms used by this virus to evade host immune responses or actively subvert them for its own benefit are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sustainable farming of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor for the production of food and feed.
TL;DR: The mass rearing of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor is reviewed, focusing on challenges such as the contamination of food/feed products with bacteria from the insect gut and the risk of rapidly spreading pathogens and parasites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential application of CRISPR-Cas12a fluorescence assay coupled with rapid nucleic acid amplification for detection of white spot syndrome virus in shrimp
Thawatchai Chaijarasphong,Thanyawit Thammachai,Ornchuma Itsathitphaisarn,Kallaya Sritunyalucksana,Rungkarn Suebsing +4 more
TL;DR: The CRISPR-Cas12a system was used to specifically cleave the WSSV amplicons, simultaneously releasing a quenched reporter molecule resulting in fluorescence that could be detected with a simple UV transilluminator or a microplate reader, preventing false positive test results from non-specific amplicons.
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A Proteomic Study of Hemocyte Proteins from Mud Crab ( Scylla paramamosain) Infected with White Spot Syndrome Virus or Vibrio alginolyticus
TL;DR: The results showed that the knockdown of these genes led to an increase in the morbidity and mortality rate, and a decrease in infection time in WSSV-infected crabs, and results of four genes showed a higher mortality rate than that of the control after they were knocked down.
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