Molecular phylogenetic analysis reveals two new species of Discosia from Italy
TL;DR: Based on analyses of the concatenated internal transcribed spacer regions of the nrDNA operon (ITS) and large subunit rDNA (LSU) gene sequences, as well as morphological characters, the fresh collections of Discosia are introduced as two new species, namely D. italica and D. fagi .
Abstract: Two fresh collections of Discosia were made from dead leaves of Fagus sylvatica in Italy. As these collections could not be cultured, the fruiting bodies were directly used for sequencing using a Forensic DNA Extraction Kit. Based on analyses of the concatenated internal transcribed spacer regions of the nrDNA operon (ITS) and large subunit rDNA (LSU) gene sequences, as well as morphological characters, the fresh collections are introduced as two new species, namely D. italica and D. fagi. Phylogenetically, these two species are distinct from all other Discosia species. Morphologically, D. italica is somewhat similar with D. fagi, but can be distinguished using dimension of conidiomata and conidiogenous cells. Descriptions and illustrations of the new taxa are provided herein.
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TL;DR: The present study revises the classification of the hyaline-spored coelomycetes and provides a modern taxonomic framework based on both morphology and phylogeny.
Abstract: Coelomycete is a general term used for asexual fungi which produce conidia in fruiting bodies: pycnidial, acervular, cupulate, pycnothyria or stromatic conidiomata. The group contains numerous plant pathogenic, saprobic and endophytic species associated with a wide range of hosts. Traditionally, morphological characters and host associations have been used as criteria to identify and classify coelomycetes, and this has resulted in a poor understanding of their generic and species boundaries. DNA based taxonomic studies have provided a better outlook of the phylogenetic and evolutionary trends in coelomycetes. However, the present outcomes represent only a preliminary step towards the understanding of coelomycetes. Many genera have not been revisited since they were first described. The present study revises the classification of the hyaline-spored coelomycetes and provides a modern taxonomic framework based on both morphology and phylogeny. In total, 248 genera were investigated, of which less than 100 are known to have sequence data. Multi-locus sequence data analyses of 28S nrDNA, 18S nrDNA, ITS, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) gene regions were analysed. As a result, three new genera and 23 new species are introduced. In addition, three new links between sexual and asexual genera are provided. There are 138 genera that lack sequence data, and these are treated as Ascomycota, genera incertae sedis. Line drawings and descriptions are provided based on the examination of types and fresh collections and on the literature.
58 citations
TL;DR: This article provides descriptions and illustrations of microfungi associated with the leaf litter of Celtis formosana, Ficus ampelas, F. septica, Macaranga tanarius and Morus australis collected from Taiwan.
Abstract: This article provides descriptions and illustrations of microfungi associated with the leaf litter of Celtis formosana, Ficus ampelas, F. septica, Macaranga tanarius and Morus australis collected from Taiwan. These host species are native to the island and Celtis formosana is an endemic tree species. The study revealed 95 species, consisting of two new families (Cylindrohyalosporaceae and Oblongohyalosporaceae), three new genera (Cylindrohyalospora, Neodictyosporium and Oblongohyalospora), 41 new species and 54 new host records. The newly described species are Acrocalymma ampeli (Acrocalymmaceae), Arthrinium mori (Apiosporaceae), Arxiella celtidis (Muyocopronaceae), Bertiella fici (Melanommataceae), Cercophora fici (Lasiosphaeriaceae), Colletotrichum celtidis, C. fici, C. fici-septicae (Glomerellaceae), Conidiocarpus fici-septicae (Capnodiaceae), Coniella fici (Schizoparmaceae), Cylindrohyalospora fici (Cylindrohyalosporaceae), Diaporthe celtidis, D. fici-septicae (Diaporthaceae), Diaporthosporella macarangae (Diaporthosporellaceae), Diplodia fici-septicae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Discosia celtidis, D. fici (Sporocadaceae), Leptodiscella sexualis (Muyocopronaceae), Leptospora macarangae (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Memnoniella alishanensis, M. celtidis, M. mori (Stachybotryaceae), Micropeltis fici, M. ficina (Micropeltidaceae), Microthyrium fici-septicae (Microthyriaceae), Muyocopron celtidis, M. ficinum, Mycoleptodiscus alishanensis (Muyocopronaceae), Neoanthostomella fici (Xylariales genera incertae sedis), Neodictyosporium macarangae (Sordariales genera incertae sedis), Neofusicoccum moracearum (Botryosphaeriaceae), Neophyllachora fici (Phyllachoraceae), Nigrospora macarangae (Apiosporaceae), Oblongohyalospora macarangae (Oblongohyalosporaceae), Ophioceras ficinum (Ophioceraceae), Parawiesneriomyces chiayiensis (Wiesneriomycetaceae), Periconia alishanica, P. celtidis (Periconiaceae), Pseudocercospora fici-septicae (Mycosphaerellaceae), Pseudoneottiospora cannabacearum (Chaetosphaeriaceae) and Pseudopithomyces mori (Didymosphaeriaceae). The new host records are Alternaria burnsii, A. pseudoeichhorniae (Pleosporaceae), Arthrinium hydei, A. malaysianum, A. paraphaeospermum, A. rasikravindrae, A. sacchari (Apiosporaceae), Bartalinia robillardoides (Sporocadaceae), Beltrania rhombica (Beltraniaceae), Cladosporium tenuissimum (Cladosporiaceae), Coniella quercicola (Schizoparmaceae), Dematiocladium celtidicola (Nectriaceae), Diaporthe limonicola, D. millettiae, D. pseudophoenicicola (Diaporthaceae), Dictyocheirospora garethjonesii (Dictyosporiaceae), Dimorphiseta acuta (Stachybotryaceae), Dinemasporium parastrigosum (Chaetosphaeriaceae), Discosia querci (Sporocadaceae), Fitzroyomyces cyperacearum (Stictidaceae), Gilmaniella bambusae (Ascomycota genera incertae sedis), Hermatomyces biconisporus (Hermatomycetaceae), Lasiodiplodia thailandica, L. theobromae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Memnoniella echinata (Stachybotryaceae), Muyocopron dipterocarpi, M. lithocarpi (Muyocopronaceae), Neopestalotiopsis asiatica, N. phangngaensis (Sporocadaceae), Ophioceras chiangdaoense (Ophioceraceae), Periconia byssoides (Periconiaceae), Pestalotiopsis dracaenea, P. formosana, P. neolitseae, P. papuana, P. parva, P. portugallica, P. trachycarpicola (Sporocadaceae), Phragmocapnias betle (Capnodiaceae), Phyllosticta capitalensis (Phyllostictaceae), Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis (Sporocadaceae), Pseudopithomyces chartarum, P. sacchari (Didymosphaeriaceae), Pseudorobillarda phragmitis (Pseudorobillardaceae), Robillarda roystoneae (Sporocadaceae), Sirastachys castanedae, S. pandanicola (Stachybotryaceae),
Spegazzinia musae (Didymosphaeriaceae), Stachybotrys aloeticola, S. microspora (Stachybotryaceae), Strigula multiformis (Strigulaceae), Torula fici (Torulaceae), Wiesneriomyces laurinus (Wiesneriomycetaceae) and Yunnanomyces pandanicola (Sympoventuriaceae). The taxonomic placement of most taxa discussed in this study is based on morphological observation of specimens, coupled with multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of sequence data. In addition, this study provides a host-fungus database for future studies and increases knowledge of fungal diversity, as well as new fungal discoveries from the island.
35 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper collected leaf samples of C. henryi and C. mollissima and identified twenty-six fungal species, including one new family, one new genus, and five new species.
Abstract: Two Castanea plant species, C. henryi and C. mollissima, are cultivated in China to produce chestnut crops. Leaf spot diseases commonly occur in Castanea plantations, however, little is known about the fungal species associated with chestnut leaf spots. In this study, leaf samples of C. henryi and C. mollissima were collected from Beijing, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, and leaf-inhabiting fungi were identified based on morphology and phylogeny. As a result, twenty-six fungal species were confirmed, including one new family, one new genus, and five new species. The new taxa are Pyrisporaceae fam. nov., Pyrispora gen. nov., Aureobasidium castaneae sp. nov., Discosia castaneae sp. nov., Monochaetia castaneae sp. nov., Neopestalotiopsis sichuanensis sp. nov. and Pyrispora castaneae sp. nov.
30 citations
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: Ten new asexual taxa (Phaeosphaeriaceae) were collected from terrestrial habitats in Italy and introduced and combined ITS and LSU sequence data from the new taxa together with those from GenBank were analyzed to establish the phylogenetic placement of these taxa.
Abstract: Species of Phaeosphaeriaceae, especially the asexual taxa, are common plant pathogens that infect many important economic crops. Ten new asexual taxa (Phaeosphaeriaceae) were collected from terrestrial habitats in Italy and are introduced in this paper. In order to establish the phylogenetic placement of these taxa within Phaeosphaeriaceae we analyzed combined ITS and LSU sequence data from the new taxa, together with those from GenBank. Based on morphology and molecular data, Poaceicola gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate the new species Po. arundinis (type species), Po. bromi and Po. elongata. The new species Parastagonospora dactylidis, P. minima, P. italica, P. uniseptata and P. allouniseptata, Septoriella allojunci and Wojnowicia spartii are also introduced with illustrated accounts and compared with similar taxa. We also describe an asexual morph of a Nodulosphaeria species for the first time.
16 citations
Cites methods from "Molecular phylogenetic analysis rev..."
...Therefore, DNA was extracted directly from the conidiomata of the dried specimens following the method of Li et al. (2015)....
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TL;DR: Two new asexual fungal species and a new host for a previously described species are reported and the phylogenetic analyses indicated that D. rhododendronicola sp.
Abstract: In the present study, we report two new asexual fungal species (i.e., Discosia rhododendricola, Neopestalotiopsis rhododendricola (Sporocadaceae) and a new host for a previously described species (i.e., Diaporthe nobilis; Diaporthaceae). All species were isolated from Rhododendron spp. in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. All taxa are described based on morphology, and phylogenetic relationships were inferred using a multigenic approach (LSU, ITS, RPB2, TEF1 and TUB2). The phylogenetic analyses indicated that D. rhododendronicola sp. nov. is phylogenetically related to D. muscicola, and N. rhododendricola sp. nov is related to N. sonnaratae. Diaporthe nobilis is reported herein as a new host record from Rhododendron sp. for China, and its phylogeny is depicted based on ITS, TEF1 and TUB2 sequence data.
2 citations
References
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01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: Results of the analyses showed that Bartalinia, Pestalotiopsis, Seimatosporium, and Seiridium represent distinct monophyletic groups with high bootstrap support, however, Truncatella species are paraphyletic with BartalinIA, sharing a common ancestor.
Abstract: The taxonomy of the coelomycetous fungus Pestalotiopsis and other closely related genera based on morphological characters has been equivocal. To gain insight in the phylogenetic relationships of Pestalotiopsis and its allies, part of the large subunit (28S) ribosomal DNA region was examined and compared with existing morphological information. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using parsimony, distance, and likelihood criteria. Results of the analyses showed that Bartalinia, Pestalotiopsis, Seimatosporium, and Seiridium represent distinct monophyletic groups with high bootstrap support. However, Truncatella species are paraphyletic with Bartalinia, sharing a common ancestor. Pestalotia species sequenced clustered together with Pestalotiopsis. These genera should be recognized as distinct natural groups except for Monochaetia and Discosia, which need to be further resolved. Tree topologies are generally in concordance with previous morphological hypotheses, most notably the placement of all Pestalotia species, except the type P. pezizoides, in Pestalotiopsis. Well-supported clades corresponding to groupings based on conidial morphology were resolved and the relative importance of morphological characters for generic delimitation is discussed. Molecular data also provide further evidence to support the association of these coelomycetes with the Amphisphaeriaceae.
138 citations
TL;DR: The taxonomy of the coelomycetous fungus Pestalotiopsis and other closely related genera based on morphological characters has been equivocal as discussed by the authors.
133 citations
01 Jul 1977
109 citations
"Molecular phylogenetic analysis rev..." refers background in this paper
...…characters, such as the location of the conidial septa and appendages, varying proportional lengths of conidial cells, and overall conidium size (Sutton 1977, 1980, Nag Raj 1993, Jeewon et al. 2002, Barber et al. 2011, Tanaka et al. 2011). the classification, validity, and delimitation of this…...
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TL;DR: It was considered that the endophytic fungi infect young leaves and remain latent in the leaves without producing symptoms...
Abstract: Endophytic fungal assemblages were investigated in different leaf stages of eight species of Ericaceae (six species of Rhododendron, Enkianthus perulatus, and Pieris japonica). Guignardia sp. (anamorph: Phyllosticta sp.), Phomopsis sp., and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were found in the leaves of all plants. The frequency of Guignardia sp. was highest in senescent leaves, while in young leaves it was lower than those of Phomopsis sp., and C. gloeosporioides. Discostroma tricellulare was isolated in high frequency from the leaves of Rhododendron obtusum. The colonization frequencies of these endophytic fungi on fallen leaves decreased as the leaves became old, while those of Pestalotiopsis, Alternaria, and others increased after the leaves fell. No significant differences were found among the compositions of endophytic fungal assemblages on ericaceous plants at the site investigated. It was considered that the endophytic fungi infect young leaves and remain latent in the leaves without producing symptoms...
74 citations
"Molecular phylogenetic analysis rev..." refers background in this paper
...Most species are endophytes or saprobes on various vascular plants in the tropical and temperate regions (Subramanian & Reddy 1974, Sutton 1980, Vanev 1992b, 1996, Nag Raj 1993, Okane et al. 1998)....
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TL;DR: Adisciso is a new teleomorphic genus within the Amphisphaeriaceae characterised by relatively small-sized ascomata without stromatic tissue, obclavate to broadly cylindrical asci with biseriate ascospores that have 2 transverse septa, and its Discosia anamorph can easily be distinguished from Discostroma.
Abstract: Discosia (teleomorph unknown) and Seimatosporium (teleomorph Discostroma) are saprobic or plant pathogenic, coelomycetous genera of so-called ‘pestalotioid fungi’ within the Amphisphaeriaceae (Xylariales). They share several morphological features and their generic circumscriptions appear unclear. We investigated the phylogenies of both genera on the basis of SSU, LSU and ITS nrDNA and β-tubulin gene sequences. Discosia was not monophyletic and was separated into two distinct lineages. Discosia eucalypti deviated from Discosia clade and was transferred to a new genus, Immersidiscosia, characterised by deeply immersed, pycnidioid conidiomata that are intraepidermal to subepidermal in origin, with a conidiomatal beak having periphyses. Subdividing Discosia into ‘sections’ was not considered phylogenetically significant at least for the three sections investigated (sect. Discosia, Laurina, and Strobilina). We recognised Seimatosporium s.l. as a monophyletic genus. An undescribed species belonging to Discosia with its associated teleomorph was collected on living leaves of Symplocos prunifolia from Yakushima Island, Japan. We have therefore established a new teleomorphic genus, Adisciso, for this new species, A. yakushimense. Discostroma tricellulare (anamorph: Seimatosporium azaleae), previously described from Rhododendron species, was transferred to Adisciso based on morphological and phylogenetic grounds. Adisciso is characterised by relatively small-sized ascomata without stromatic tissue, obclavate to broadly cylindrical asci with biseriate ascospores that have 2 transverse septa, and its Discosia anamorph. Based on these features, it can easily be distinguished from Discostroma, a similar genus within the Amphisphaeriaceae.
71 citations
"Molecular phylogenetic analysis rev..." refers background in this paper
...artocreas clustered together with high bootstrap support, and this is in congruence with the observations of Tanaka et al. (2011). thus, the interspecific relationship within Discosia should be studied further using multi-gene data....
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...Tanaka, Okane & Hosoya on Symplocos prunifolia (Tanaka et al. 2011), as well as A....
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...D. pini, D. aff. brasiliensis and the type species D. artocreas clustered together with high bootstrap support, and this is in congruence with the observations of Tanaka et al. (2011). thus, the interspecific relationship within Discosia should be studied further using multi-gene data....
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...…varying proportional lengths of conidial cells, and overall conidium size (Sutton 1977, 1980, Nag Raj 1993, Jeewon et al. 2002, Barber et al. 2011, Tanaka et al. 2011). the classification, validity, and delimitation of this genus have been problematic (Subramanian & reddy 1974, vanev 1991, 1992b,…...
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...Tanaka, Okane & Hosoya on Symplocos prunifolia (Tanaka et al. 2011), as well as A. kaki Kaz....
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