Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of galaxiid fishes (Osteichthyes: Galaxiidae): dispersal, vicariance, and the position of Lepidogalaxias salamandroides.
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The species-rich genus Galaxias is shown to be polyphyletic and the generic taxonomy of the Galaxiinae is reassessed in the light of phylogenetic relationships, and the loss of this migratory phase may be a major cause of speciation.Abstract:
The galaxiid fishes exhibit a gondwanan distribution. We use mitochondrial DNA sequences to test conflicting vicariant and dispersal biogeographic hypotheses regarding the Southern Hemisphere range of this freshwater group. Although phylogenetic resolution of cytochrome b and 16S rRNA sequences is largely limited to more recent divergences, our data indicate that the radiation can be interpreted as several relatively recent dispersal events superimposed on an ancient gondwanan radiation. Genetic relationships contradict the findings of recent morphological analyses of galaxioid fishes. In particular, we examine several hypotheses regarding phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic Lepidogalaxias. Although most workers consider Lepidogalaxias to be an unusual scaled member of the Southern Hemisphere galaxioids, it has also been suggested that this species is related to the Northern Hemisphere esocoids. Our data strongly suggest that this species is not a galaxiid, and the alternative hypothesized esocoid relationship cannot be rejected. The species-rich genus Galaxias is shown to be polyphyletic and the generic taxonomy of the Galaxiinae is reassessed in the light of phylogenetic relationships. Juvenile saltwater-tolerance is phylogenetically distributed throughout the Galaxiinae, and the loss of this migratory phase may be a major cause of speciation.read more
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Do insects lose flight before they lose their wings? Population genetic structure in subalpine stoneflies.
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Process and pattern in the biogeography of New Zealand – a global microcosm?
TL;DR: New Zealand’s historical terrestrial biogeography is described to place this history in a wider Southern Hemisphere context.
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Surviving historical Patagonian landscapes and climate: molecular insights from Galaxias maculatus
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Gene Trees versus Species Trees: Reassessing Life-History Evolution in a Freshwater Fish Radiation
Jonathan M. Waters,Diane L. Rowe,Christopher P. Burridge,Christopher P. Burridge,Graham P. Wallis +4 more
TL;DR: A variety of nuclear DNA loci are employed to reassess evolutionary relationships within a recent freshwater fish radiation to reappraise modes of speciation and discuss factors that might explain the apparently misleading phylogenetic inferences generated by mtDNA.
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Geological Dates and Molecular Rates: Rapid Divergence of Rivers and Their Biotas
Jonathan M. Waters,Diane L. Rowe,Smita Apte,Tania M. King,Graham P. Wallis,Leigh Anderson,Richard J. Norris,Dave Craw,Christopher P. Burridge +8 more
TL;DR: A survey of freshwater phylogeographic literature reveals numerous examples in which the ages of recent evolutionary events may have been substantially overestimated through the use of "accepted" calibrations, and recommends thatbiologists should start to reassess the conclusions of such studies by using more appropriate molecular calibrations derived from recent geological events.
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