Monetianthus mirus gen. et sp. nov., a Nymphaealean Flower from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal

doi:10.1086/605120

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Monetianthus mirus gen. et sp. nov., a Nymphaealean Flower from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal

Journal Article•DOI•

Monetianthus mirus gen. et sp. nov., a Nymphaealean Flower from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal

Else Marie Friis, Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen, Maria von Balthazar, Guido W. Grimm, Peter R. Crane - Show less +1 more

01 Oct 2009-International Journal of Plant Sciences (The University of Chicago Press)-Vol. 170, Iss: 8, pp 1086-1101

TL;DR: Comparison of Monetianthus with living plants indicates a clear relationship to extant Nymphaeales in particular with the Barclaya andNymphaeoideae clade, and provides evidence of crown group NymphAEales, and probably crown group nymphaeaceae, at a very early stage in the initial diversification of flowering plants.

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Abstract: Monetianthus mirus gen et sp nov is described based on a single coalified flower from the Early Cretaceous (Late Aptian‐Early Albian) Vale de Agua locality, western Portugal The flower is actinomorphic and probably bisexual, with a perianth of nine or 10 tepals, an androecium of 20 stamens, and a syncarpous gynoecium with a partly inferior ovary of 12 carpels arranged radially around a central column Phyllotaxis of tepals and stamens is uncertain Nondestructive synchrotron radiation x‐ray tomographic microscopy of internal structures documents laminar placentation with around six anatropous and ascending ovules in each locule Comparison of Monetianthus with living plants indicates a clear relationship to extant Nymphaeales in particular with the Barclaya and Nymphaeoideae clade Monetianthus thus provides evidence of crown group Nymphaeales, and probably crown group Nymphaeaceae, at a very early stage in the initial diversification of flowering plants

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Journal Article•DOI•

Establishing a time-scale for plant evolution

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John T. Clarke¹, John T. Clarke², Rachel C. M. Warnock¹, Philip C. J. Donoghue¹•Institutions (2)

University of Bristol¹, University of Oxford²

01 Oct 2011-New Phytologist

TL;DR: A post-Jurassic origin of angiosperms and a post-Cambrian origin of land plants are rejected, and it is suggested that the establishment of the major embryophyte lineages occurred at a much slower tempo than suggested in most previous studies.

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Abstract: • Plants have utterly transformed the planet, but testing hypotheses of causality requires a reliable time-scale for plant evolution. While clock methods have been extensively developed, less attention has been paid to the correct interpretation and appropriate implementation of fossil data. • We constructed 17 calibrations, consisting of minimum constraints and soft maximum constraints, for divergences between model representatives of the major land plant lineages. Using a data set of seven plastid genes, we performed a cross-validation analysis to determine the consistency of the calibrations. Six molecular clock analyses were then conducted, one with the original calibrations, and others exploring the impact on divergence estimates of changing maxima at basal nodes, and prior probability densities within calibrations. • Cross-validation highlighted Tracheophyta and Euphyllophyta calibrations as inconsistent, either because their soft maxima were overly conservative or because of undetected rate variation. Molecular clock analyses yielded estimates ranging from 568-815 million yr before present (Ma) for crown embryophytes and from 175-240 Ma for crown angiosperms. • We reject both a post-Jurassic origin of angiosperms and a post-Cambrian origin of land plants. Our analyses also suggest that the establishment of the major embryophyte lineages occurred at a much slower tempo than suggested in most previous studies. These conclusions are entirely compatible with current palaeobotanical data, although not necessarily with their interpretation by palaeobotanists.

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327 citations

Cites background from "Monetianthus mirus gen. et sp. nov...."

...Pluricarpellatia peltata from the Crato Formation of Brazil (Mohr et al., 2008), Scutifolium jordanicum from the Jarash Formation of Jordan (Taylor et al., 2008) and Monetianthus mirus from Vale de Água, Portugal (Friis et al., 2009) are all cladistically assigned to crown Nymphaeales (Pluricarpellatia in Taylor et al., 2008)....
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...…the Crato Formation of Brazil (Mohr et al., 2008), Scutifolium jordanicum from the Jarash Formation of Jordan (Taylor et al., 2008) and Monetianthus mirus from Vale de Água, Portugal (Friis et al., 2009) are all cladistically assigned to crown Nymphaeales (Pluricarpellatia in Taylor et al., 2008)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Molecular and Fossil Evidence on the Origin of Angiosperms

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James A. Doyle¹•Institutions (1)

University of California, Davis¹

02 May 2012-Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

TL;DR: Molecular data on relationships within angiosperms confirm the view that their increasing morphological diversity through the Cretaceous reflected their evolutionary radiation and appear to refute the hypothesis based on morphology that angiosPerms and Gnetales are closest living relatives.

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Abstract: Molecular data on relationships within angiosperms confirm the view that their increasing morphological diversity through the Cretaceous reflected their evolutionary radiation. Despite the early appearance of aquatics and groups with simple flowers, the record is consistent with inferences from molecular trees that the first angiosperms were woody plants with pinnately veined leaves, multiparted flowers, uniovulate ascidiate carpels, and columellar monosulcate pollen. Molecular data appear to refute the hypothesis based on morphology that angiosperms and Gnetales are closest living relatives. Morphological analyses of living and fossil seed plants that assume molecular relationships identify glossopterids, Bennettitales, and Caytonia as angiosperm relatives; these results are consistent with proposed homologies between the cupule of glossopterids and Caytonia and the angiosperm bitegmic ovule. Jurassic molecular dates for the angiosperms may be reconciled with the fossil record if the first angiosperms were restricted to wet forest understory habitats and did not radiate until the Cretaceous.

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175 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Contemporaneous radiations of fungi and plants linked to symbiosis

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François Lutzoni¹, Michael D. Nowak², Michael E. Alfaro³, Valérie Reeb⁴, Jolanta Miadlikowska¹, Michael Krug⁵, A. Elizabeth Arnold⁶, Louise A. Lewis⁷, David L. Swofford¹, David L. Swofford⁸, David S. Hibbett⁹, Khidir W. Hilu¹⁰, Timothy Y. James¹¹, Dietmar Quandt⁵, Susana Magallón¹² - Show less +11 more•Institutions (12)

Duke University¹, American Museum of Natural History², University of California, Los Angeles³, University of Iowa⁴, University of Bonn⁵, University of Arizona⁶, University of Connecticut⁷, Florida Museum of Natural History⁸, Clark University⁹, Virginia Tech¹⁰, University of Michigan¹¹, National Autonomous University of Mexico¹²

21 Dec 2018-Nature Communications

TL;DR: The origins of plant-fungal symbioses and saprotrophy are evaluated using a time-calibrated phylogenetic framework that reveals linked and drastic shifts in diversification rates of each kingdom.

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Abstract: Interactions between fungi and plants, including parasitism, mutualism, and saprotrophy, have been invoked as key to their respective macroevolutionary success. Here we evaluate the origins of plant-fungal symbioses and saprotrophy using a time-calibrated phylogenetic framework that reveals linked and drastic shifts in diversification rates of each kingdom. Fungal colonization of land was associated with at least two origins of terrestrial green algae and preceded embryophytes (as evidenced by losses of fungal flagellum, ca. 720 Ma), likely facilitating terrestriality through endomycorrhizal and possibly endophytic symbioses. The largest radiation of fungi (Leotiomyceta), the origin of arbuscular mycorrhizae, and the diversification of extant embryophytes occurred ca. 480 Ma. This was followed by the origin of extant lichens. Saprotrophic mushrooms diversified in the Late Paleozoic as forests of seed plants started to dominate the landscape. The subsequent diversification and explosive radiation of Agaricomycetes, and eventually of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, were associated with the evolution of Pinaceae in the Mesozoic, and establishment of angiosperm-dominated biomes in the Cretaceous.

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172 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Diversity in obscurity: fossil flowers and the early history of angiosperms.

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Else Marie Friis¹, Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen², Peter R. Crane³•Institutions (3)

Swedish Museum of Natural History¹, Aarhus University², Yale University³

12 Feb 2010-Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

TL;DR: Angiosperms were clearly present in the Early Cretaceous, 20–30 Myr before they attained the level of ecological dominance reflected in some mid-Cretaceous floras, and angiosperm leaves and pollen show a distinct pattern of steadily increasing diversity and complexity through this interval.

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Abstract: In the second half of the nineteenth century, pioneering discoveries of rich assemblages of fossil plants from the Cretaceous resulted in considerable interest in the first appearance of angiosperms in the geological record. Darwin's famous comment, which labelled the ‘rapid development’ of angiosperms an ‘abominable mystery’, dates from this time. Darwin and his contemporaries were puzzled by the relatively late, seemingly sudden and geographically widespread appearance of modern-looking angiosperms in Late Cretaceous floras. Today, the early diversification of angiosperms seems much less ‘rapid’. Angiosperms were clearly present in the Early Cretaceous, 20–30 Myr before they attained the level of ecological dominance reflected in some mid-Cretaceous floras, and angiosperm leaves and pollen show a distinct pattern of steadily increasing diversity and complexity through this interval. Early angiosperm fossil flowers show a similar orderly diversification and also provide detailed insights into the changing reproductive biology and phylogenetic diversity of angiosperms from the Early Cretaceous. In addition, newly discovered fossil flowers indicate considerable, previously unrecognized, cryptic diversity among the earliest angiosperms known from the fossil record. Lineages that today have an herbaceous or shrubby habit were well represented. Monocotyledons, which have previously been difficult to recognize among assemblages of early fossil angiosperms, were also diverse and prominent in many Early Cretaceous ecosystems.

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170 citations

Cites background from "Monetianthus mirus gen. et sp. nov...."

...A further Early Cretaceous fossil that may also belong to Pothoideae is a small inflorescence fragment from the Vale de Agua locality (Late Aptian–Early Albian) of Portugal....
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...A key early record of Nymphaeales is the flower of Monetianthus mirus, from the Late Aptian–Early Albian flora of Vale de Agua (Friis et al. 2001, 2009b)....
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...Probable Ranunculales are represented by a single staminate flower, Teixeiraea lusitanicum, from the Vale de Agua flora (Late Aptian– Early Albian) (von Balthazar et al. 2005)....
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...Among these are the mesofossil floras from Catefica (Late Barremian– Aptian), Famalicão (Late Aptian) and Buarcos, Vila Verde 2, Vale de Agua and several others (Late Aptian–Early Albian)....
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...While this is still very uncertain, new fossils are constantly being added to the fossil record of angiosperms and potentially related seed plants (Friis et al. 2009a)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Constraining uncertainty in the timescale of angiosperm evolution and the veracity of a Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution

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Jose Barba-Montoya¹, Mario dos Reis², Harald Schneider³, Harald Schneider⁴, Philip C. J. Donoghue⁵, Ziheng Yang¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (5)

University College London¹, Queen Mary University of London², American Museum of Natural History³, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden⁴, University of Bristol⁵

05 Feb 2018-New Phytologist

TL;DR: A Bayesian molecular dating method is used to analyse a dataset of 83 genes from 644 taxa and 52 fossil calibrations to explore the effect of different interpretations of the fossil record, molecular clock models, data partitioning, among other factors, on angiosperm divergence time estimation, and indicates that the timescale of angiosperms diversification is much less certain than previous molecular dating studies have suggested.

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Abstract: Through the lens of the fossil record, angiosperm diversification precipitated a Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution (KTR) in which pollinators, herbivores and predators underwent explosive co‐diversification. Molecular dating studies imply that early angiosperm evolution is not documented in the fossil record. This mismatch remains controversial. / We used a Bayesian molecular dating method to analyse a dataset of 83 genes from 644 taxa and 52 fossil calibrations to explore the effect of different interpretations of the fossil record, molecular clock models, data partitioning, among other factors, on angiosperm divergence time estimation. / Controlling for different sources of uncertainty indicates that the timescale of angiosperm diversification is much less certain than previous molecular dating studies have suggested. Discord between molecular clock and purely fossil‐based interpretations of angiosperm diversification may be a consequence of false precision on both sides. / We reject a post‐Jurassic origin of angiosperms, supporting the notion of a cryptic early history of angiosperms, but this history may be as much as 121 Myr, or as little as 23 Myr. These conclusions remain compatible with palaeobotanical evidence and a more general KTR in which major groups of angiosperms diverged later within the Cretaceous, alongside the diversification of pollinators, herbivores and their predators.

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141 citations

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References

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Reference Entry•DOI•

PAUP* [Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (and Other Methods)]

[...]

Michael P. Cummings

15 Oct 2004-Dictionary of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

18,553 citations

"Monetianthus mirus gen. et sp. nov...." refers background or result in this paper

...…but until recently, records of the group in the Cretaceous have been sparse and based mainly on fossil leaves assigned to extinct taxa, such as the Early Cretaceous Braseniopsis Saporta from Portugal (Saporta 1894) and Scutifolium David W. Taylor, Brenner and Basha from Jordan (Taylor et al. 2008)....
[...]
...Taylor DW, GJ Brenner, SH Basha 2008 Scutifolium jordanicum gen. et sp. nov. (Cabombaceae), an aquatic fossil plant from the Lower Cretaceous of Jordan, and the relationships of related leaf fossils to living genera....
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...Monetianthus supports earlier indications based on leaves (Mohr et al. 1999; Taylor et al. 2008) and seeds (Friis et al. 2000b, 2006) that Nymphaeales and probably crown group Nymphaeaceae were well established already in the Early Cretaceous at an early stage in angiosperm evolution....
[...]
...The fossil history of Nymphaeales is very extensive in the Cenozoic, where the group is represented by abundant and diverse seeds (Dorofeev 1974; Collinson 1980; Mai 1995), but until recently, records of the group in the Cretaceous have been sparse and based mainly on fossil leaves assigned to extinct taxa, such as the Early Cretaceous Braseniopsis Saporta from Portugal (Saporta 1894) and Scutifolium David W. Taylor, Brenner and Basha from Jordan (Taylor et al. 2008)....
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Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.6

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W. P. Maddison, D. R. Maddison

01 Jan 2009

8,708 citations

"Monetianthus mirus gen. et sp. nov...." refers methods in this paper

...Maddison WP, DR Maddison 2007 Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis....
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...Ancestral states were reconstructed using the Ancestral State Reconstruction Package implemented in Mesquite (Maddison and Maddison 2007) and the standard parsimony model (all characters treated as unordered)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Application of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies

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Daniel H. Huson¹, David Bryant•Institutions (1)

University of Tübingen¹

01 Feb 2006-Molecular Biology and Evolution

TL;DR: This article reviews the terminology used for phylogenetic networks and covers both split networks and reticulate networks, how they are defined, and how they can be interpreted and outlines the beginnings of a comprehensive statistical framework for applying split network methods.

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Abstract: The evolutionary history of a set of taxa is usually represented by a phylogenetic tree, and this model has greatly facilitated the discussion and testing of hypotheses. However, it is well known that more complex evolutionary scenarios are poorly described by such models. Further, even when evolution proceeds in a tree-like manner, analysis of the data may not be best served by using methods that enforce a tree structure but rather by a richer visualization of the data to evaluate its properties, at least as an essential first step. Thus, phylogenetic networks should be employed when reticulate events such as hybridization, horizontal gene transfer, recombination, or gene duplication and loss are believed to be involved, and, even in the absence of such events, phylogenetic networks have a useful role to play. This article reviews the terminology used for phylogenetic networks and covers both split networks and reticulate networks, how they are defined, and how they can be interpreted. Additionally, the article outlines the beginnings of a comprehensive statistical framework for applying split network methods. We show how split networks can represent confidence sets of trees and introduce a conservative statistical test for whether the conflicting signal in a network is treelike. Finally, this article describes a new program, SplitsTree4, an interactive and comprehensive tool for inferring different types of phylogenetic networks from sequences, distances, and trees.

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7,273 citations

"Monetianthus mirus gen. et sp. nov...." refers background in this paper

...In Illicium, placentation is axile with near-basal ventral-median ovule insertion (Leinfellner 1969; Igersheim and Endress 1997)....
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...In both Nymphaeaceae and Illicium, the carpels are contiguous with a central convex structure that functions as an extragynoecial compitum (Williams et al. 1993; Igersheim and Endress 1997; Endress and Igersheim 2000)....
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...The gynoecium of Illicium, on the other hand, contains both oil cell and tanniferous cells in the carpel wall (Igersheim and Endress 1997)....
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...The ventral slit is postgenitally fused (Williams et al. 1993; Igersheim and Endress 1997)....
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...The carpels are plicate, but the single ovule in a median position indicates the presence of a scarcely visible rudimentary ascidiate base (Leinfellner 1966; Robertson and Tucker 1979; Igersheim and Endress 1997; Endress and Igersheim 2000)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

NeighborNet: An Agglomerative Method for the Construction of Planar Phylogenetic Networks

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David Bryant, Vincent Moulton¹•Institutions (1)

Uppsala University¹

17 Sep 2002

TL;DR: Neighbor-Net is presented, a distance based method for constructing phylogenetic networks that is based on the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) algorithm of Saitou and Nei and can quickly produce detailed and informative networks for several hundred taxa.

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Abstract: We introduce NeighborNet, a network construction and data representation method that combines aspects of the neighbor joining (NJ) and SplitsTree. Like NJ, NeighborNet uses agglomeration: taxa are combined into progressively larger and larger overlapping clusters. Like SPLITSTREE, NeighborNet constructs networks rather than trees, and so can be used to represent multiple phylogenetic hypotheses simultaneously, or to detect complex evolutionary processes like recombination, lateral transfer and hybridization. NeighborNet tends to produce networks that are substantially more resolved than those made with SPLITSTREE. The method is efficient (O(n3) time) and is well suited for the preliminary analyses of complex phylogenetic data. We report results of three case studies: one based on mitochondrial gene order data from early branching eukaryotes, another based on nuclear sequence data from New Zealand alpine buttercups (Ranunculi), and a third on poorly corrected synthetic data.

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1,846 citations

"Monetianthus mirus gen. et sp. nov...." refers background in this paper

...The fossil history of Nymphaeales is very extensive in the Cenozoic, where the group is represented by abundant and diverse seeds (Dorofeev 1974; Collinson 1980; Mai 1995), but until recently, records of the group in the Cretaceous have been sparse and based mainly on fossil leaves assigned to…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA, rbcL, and atpB sequences

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Douglas E. Soltis¹, Pamela S. Soltis¹, Mark W. Chase², Mark E. Mort¹, Dirk C. Albach¹, Michael J. Zanis¹, Vincent Savolainen², William H. Hahn³, Sara B. Hoot⁴, Michael F. Fay², Michael J. Axtell⁵, Susan M. Swensen⁵, Linda M. Prince⁶, W. John Kress⁶, Kevin C. Nixon⁷, James S. Farris - Show less +12 more•Institutions (7)

Washington State University¹, Royal Botanic Gardens², Columbia University³, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee⁴, Ithaca College⁵, National Museum of Natural History⁶, Cornell University⁷

01 Aug 2000-Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

TL;DR: A phylogenetic analysis of a combined data set for 560 angiosperms and seven outgroups based on three genes, 18S rDNA, rbcL, and atpB representing a total of 4733 bp is presented, resulting in the most highly resolved and strongly supported topology yet obtained for angiosPerms.

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1,288 citations

Additional excerpts

...…analyses using molecular data place Nymphaeales between Amborellaceae and Austrobaileyales (Austrobaileyaceae, Illiciaceae, Schisandraceae, and Trimeniaceae), two lineages of woody angiosperms (Qiu 1999, 2005; Qiu et al. 2000, 2006; Soltis et al. 2000; Zanis et al. 2003; Saarela et al. 2007)....
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