Monitoring of resistance to the pyrethroid cypermethrin in Brazilian Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations collected between 2001 and 2003
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Cites background from "Monitoring of resistance to the pyr..."
...Pyrethroid resistance has been reported in Ae. aegypti in many countries, including Mexico, Brazil, Cuba, Thailand, Vietnam and others (da-Cunha et al., 2005; Paeporn et al., 2005; Rodriguez et al., 2005; Jirakanjanakit et al., 2007; Flores et al., 2009; Kawada et al., 2009; Martins et al., 2009)....
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Cites background from "Monitoring of resistance to the pyr..."
...In addition, Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations are highly resistant to insecticides used to control them (Da Financial support: CNPq, MCT/PADCT, Funcap, IFS +Corresponding authors: aurano@ufc.br and vramos@ufc.br Received 4 November 2005 Accepted 30 May 2006 Cunha et al. 2005)....
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60 citations
References
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"Monitoring of resistance to the pyr..." refers background or methods in this paper
...According to the original methodology (Brogdon & McAllister 1998), the criterion for mortality was that mosquitoes were not able to fly or to right themselves when the bottle is gently rotated....
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...According to Brogdon and McAllister (1998) these would be dead mosquitoes....
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...Bioassays were performed with insecticide-coated bottles, as described by Brogdon and McAllister (1998)....
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...This was attained after 30 min exposure, a period considered as the resistance threshold (Brogdon & McAllister 1998)....
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234 citations
"Monitoring of resistance to the pyr..." refers background in this paper
...The use of organophosphates, employed since 1967 throughout the country against Ae. aegypti larvae and adults, was intensified after the 1986 epidemics, that started at Rio de Janeiro and spread over several other regions (Lima et al. 2003, Braga et al. 2004)....
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202 citations
"Monitoring of resistance to the pyr..." refers background or methods in this paper
...After linkage to pyrethroids, the sodium channels in the neurons are maintained for a longer length of time in their opened conformation, which results in a continuous nervous impulse that causes bursts of contractions, culminating with paralysis (Bloomquist 1996). Depending on the insecticide’s dosage, this effect, known as the “knock down” mechanism, is reversible if contact with the insecticide is interrupted. Resistant individuals that have a kdr mutation exhibit the knock down effect but can recover from pyrethroid dosages that are lethal to susceptible insects (Milani 1954, Pauron et al. 1989). Sodium channels are also the target site for organochlorines, an insecticide class that has not been used in the Public Health at Brazil since the reintroduction of Ae. aegypti in 1967 (Franco 1976). We report on the monitoring of Ae. aegypti resistance to cypermethrin in municipalities of three Brazilian states: Sergipe (SE) and Alagoas (AL), located at Northeast Brazil and Rio de Janeiro (RJ), at the Southeast (Figure). Bioassays were performed with insecticide-coated bottles, as described by Brogdon and McAllister (1998). We first calibrated the bottles with different dosages of cypermethrin, by testing mosquitoes from the Rockefeller strain....
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...After linkage to pyrethroids, the sodium channels in the neurons are maintained for a longer length of time in their opened conformation, which results in a continuous nervous impulse that causes bursts of contractions, culminating with paralysis (Bloomquist 1996)....
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194 citations
"Monitoring of resistance to the pyr..." refers background in this paper
...The use of organophosphates, employed since 1967 throughout the country against Ae. aegypti larvae and adults, was intensified after the 1986 epidemics, that started at Rio de Janeiro and spread over several other regions (Lima et al. 2003, Braga et al. 2004)....
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