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Journal ArticleDOI

Monitoring plastic ingestion by the northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis in the North Sea

TL;DR: The abundance of plastics in stomachs of northern fulmars from the North Sea is used in the OSPAR Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO) for marine litter and is now also used as an indicator for Good Environmental Status in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
About: This article is published in Environmental Pollution.The article was published on 2011-10-01. It has received 499 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Northern fulmar & Marine debris.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ingestion of microplastics has been demonstrated in a range of marine organisms, a process which may facilitate the transfer of chemical additives or hydrophobic waterborne pollutants to biota.

3,643 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review of 68 studies compares the methodologies used for the identification and quantification of microplastics from the marine environment and suggests standardized sampling procedures which allow the spatiotemporal comparison ofmicroplastic abundance across marine environments.
Abstract: This review of 68 studies compares the methodologies used for the identification and quantification of microplastics from the marine environment. Three main sampling strategies were identified: selective, volume-reduced, and bulk sampling. Most sediment samples came from sandy beaches at the high tide line, and most seawater samples were taken at the sea surface using neuston nets. Four steps were distinguished during sample processing: density separation, filtration, sieving, and visual sorting of microplastics. Visual sorting was one of the most commonly used methods for the identification of microplastics (using type, shape, degradation stage, and color as criteria). Chemical and physical characteristics (e.g., specific density) were also used. The most reliable method to identify the chemical composition of microplastics is by infrared spectroscopy. Most studies reported that plastic fragments were polyethylene and polypropylene polymers. Units commonly used for abundance estimates are “items per m2” ...

3,119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses on marine invertebrates and their susceptibility to the physical impacts of microplastic uptake and an assessment of the relative susceptibility of different feeding guilds.

2,809 citations


Cites background from "Monitoring plastic ingestion by the..."

  • ...There is a wealth of literature regarding macroplastic ingestion in vertebrates (e.g. Denuncio et al., 2011; Laist, 1997; Lazar and Gracan, 2011; van Franeker et al., 2011; Yamashita et al., 2011), reporting global impacts including: internal and/or external abrasions and ulcers; and blockages of…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that microplastics are ingested by, and may impact upon, zooplankton, and imply that marine microplastic debris can negatively impact upon zoopLankton function and health.
Abstract: Small plastic detritus, termed “microplastics”, are a widespread and ubiquitous contaminant of marine ecosystems across the globe. Ingestion of microplastics by marine biota, including mussels, worms, fish, and seabirds, has been widely reported, but despite their vital ecological role in marine food-webs, the impact of microplastics on zooplankton remains under-researched. Here, we show that microplastics are ingested by, and may impact upon, zooplankton. We used bioimaging techniques to document ingestion, egestion, and adherence of microplastics in a range of zooplankton common to the northeast Atlantic, and employed feeding rate studies to determine the impact of plastic detritus on algal ingestion rates in copepods. Using fluorescence and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy we identified that thirteen zooplankton taxa had the capacity to ingest 1.7–30.6 μm polystyrene beads, with uptake varying by taxa, life-stage and bead-size. Post-ingestion, copepods egested faecal pellets lade...

1,832 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The presence of marine microplastics in seafood could pose a threat to food safety, however, due to the complexity of estimating microplastic toxicity, estimations of the potential risks for human health posed by microplastically in food stuffs is not (yet) possible.

1,378 citations


Cites background from "Monitoring plastic ingestion by the..."

  • ...Plastic particles may be retained in the tissues (von Moos et al., 2012) and the circulatory system (Browne et al., 2008), or lodged in the digestive tract (vertebrates e.g. (Denuncio et al., 2011; Lazar and Gra can, 2011; van Franeker et al., 2011); invertebrates (Murray and Cowie, 2011))....

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References
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BookDOI
01 Dec 2010
TL;DR: A guide to using S environments to perform statistical analyses providing both an introduction to the use of S and a course in modern statistical methods.
Abstract: A guide to using S environments to perform statistical analyses providing both an introduction to the use of S and a course in modern statistical methods The emphasis is on presenting practical problems and full analyses of real data sets

18,346 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
07 May 2004-Science
TL;DR: It is shown that microscopic plastic fragments and fibers are also widespread in the marine environment and may persist for centuries.
Abstract: Millions of metric tons of plastic are produced annually. Countless large items of plastic debris are accumulating in marine habitats worldwide and may persist for centuries ([ 1 ][1]–[ 4 ][2]). Here we show that microscopic plastic fragments and fibers ([Fig. 1A][3]) are also widespread in the

4,067 citations


"Monitoring plastic ingestion by the..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Plastics gradually break down to microscopic sizes and there is a growing concern that ‘micro-plastics’ may enter the base of marine food webs via sediment- or filterfeeding organisms (Thompson et al., 2004, 2009; Browne et al., 2008; Graham and Thompson, 2009)....

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Book
01 Oct 2010
TL;DR: Family Thraupidae (Tanagers), Family Cardinalidae (Cardinals), Family Emberizidae (Buntings and New World Sparrows), Family Icteridae (New World Blackbirds).
Abstract: Family Thraupidae (Tanagers), Family Cardinalidae (Cardinals), Family Emberizidae (Buntings and New World Sparrows), Family Icteridae (New World Blackbirds).

3,863 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The deleterious effects of plastic debris on the marine environment were reviewed by bringing together most of the literature published so far on the topic, and a variety of approaches are urgently required to mitigate the problem.

3,084 citations


"Monitoring plastic ingestion by the..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Synthetic debris may sometimes be ingested because it somehow resembles prey (Derraik, 2002), but in many instances it is unclear what triggers the ingestion of plastic objects....

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  • ...common among a wide range of marine organisms (Laist, 1987, 1997; Derraik, 2002)....

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  • ...Less apparent are the consequences of the ingestion of plastics and other types of litter, common among a wide range of marine organisms (Laist, 1987, 1997; Derraik, 2002)....

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