Monitoring plastic ingestion by the northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis in the North Sea
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...There is a wealth of literature regarding macroplastic ingestion in vertebrates (e.g. Denuncio et al., 2011; Laist, 1997; Lazar and Gracan, 2011; van Franeker et al., 2011; Yamashita et al., 2011), reporting global impacts including: internal and/or external abrasions and ulcers; and blockages of…...
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...Plastic particles may be retained in the tissues (von Moos et al., 2012) and the circulatory system (Browne et al., 2008), or lodged in the digestive tract (vertebrates e.g. (Denuncio et al., 2011; Lazar and Gra can, 2011; van Franeker et al., 2011); invertebrates (Murray and Cowie, 2011))....
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"Monitoring plastic ingestion by the..." refers background in this paper
...Plastics gradually break down to microscopic sizes and there is a growing concern that ‘micro-plastics’ may enter the base of marine food webs via sediment- or filterfeeding organisms (Thompson et al., 2004, 2009; Browne et al., 2008; Graham and Thompson, 2009)....
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"Monitoring plastic ingestion by the..." refers background in this paper
...Synthetic debris may sometimes be ingested because it somehow resembles prey (Derraik, 2002), but in many instances it is unclear what triggers the ingestion of plastic objects....
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...common among a wide range of marine organisms (Laist, 1987, 1997; Derraik, 2002)....
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...Less apparent are the consequences of the ingestion of plastics and other types of litter, common among a wide range of marine organisms (Laist, 1987, 1997; Derraik, 2002)....
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