Many irrigation systems indicate failures with respect to their anticipated benefits. However, improvement of these schemes can be brought about through their rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Igomelo rehabilitated irrigation scheme covering both the performance of irrigation water distribution systems and the roles of irrigators association.The scheme was divided into three reaches upper, middle and tail end. Three plots with maize, tomatoes and onions from each reach were randomly selected. Amount of water entering the plots were monitored for adequacy, equity, dependability and productivity analysis. Also three canals each from the mentioned reaches was assessed for seepage, maintenance and conveyance efficiencies. The IA wasevaluated using indicators such as structures’ condition, effectiveness in fees collection (EFC) and financial self sufficiency (FSS). A structured questionnaire was administered in order to obtain information on irrigation and roles of irrigators association. The conveyance efficiencies in the main canal were 68.2% with values between 69and 87% for tertiary canals. Seepage ranging between 0.044 and 0.104l/s per meter lengthwas also observed in the canals. A SCI of 90% was obtained showing structures in good working condition.Despite a good FSS (1.10 -2.21) some structures lack some components. Adequacy in water supply is good with Relative Water Supply (RWS) between 0.92 and 3.96with highest RWS at the middle reach. However, the dependability in water supply was low while equity in water supply was observed in tomato plots than in maize and onions. The output per unitwater supply for tomato was between 684.4 and 14492.55 US$hawhile the highest output per unit water

background or result

Monitoring productivity of water in agriculture and interacting systems: the case of Tekeze/Atbara River Basin in Ethiopia

Perfomance of rehabilitated irrigation systems: a case study of igomelo irrigation scheme in tanzania

Productivity of Water in Agriculture (PWA) is a means of saving water by which farmers can
produce more crops per drop of water. This paper assesses current levels of PWA in rain fed and
irrigated agriculture, the different water users and their corresponding demands and constraints
in the irrigation schemes related to PWA in Debre Kidane watershed, which is located in
northern Ethiopia. Data for the study were obtained from a formal household questionnaire
survey, focus group discussion and direct observations on farmer’s field. Field experiment was
also carried out to know the productivity of water in tomato irrigation. SPSS version 10 was used
to analyze the socio economic data. In the watershed rainfall water productivity was highest for
mixed crops (0.37 kg/m3) followed by wheat (0.30 kg/m3) and barley (0.25 kg/m3). Under
existing irrigation practices, the highest diverted water productivity was for maize (0.24 kg/m3)
and the lowest was for green pepper (0.07 kg/m3). On the controlled plots high water
productivity was obtained for tomato in sandy soil (0.1.34 kg/m3) followed by clay loam soil
(0.39 kg/m3) and silty loam soil (0.28 kg/m3) whereas on the farmers plot diverted water
productivity was highest for tomato in silty loam soil (0.08 kg/m3) followed by sandy and clay
loam soils equally (0.06 kg/m3). The diverted water productivity of tomato in sandy soil was
4.474% of the diverted water productivity in controlled plots, 28.95% in silty loam soil and
15..23% in clay loam soil, respectively. Though the productivity of water in the controlled plot
was higher than the farmer’s plot it is by far less than the potential water productivity of tomato
in the area. The highest economic water productivity under rain fed condition was obtained for
teff (0.229 Euro/m3) and the minimum was for maize (0.041 Euro/m3). On the other hand, the
economic water productivity of tomato was 0.011 Euro/m3 (silty loam soil), 0.009 Euro/m3
(sandy soil), and 0.008 Euro/m3 (clay loam) in farmers’ plot and 0.186 Euro/m3 (sandy soil),
0.038 Euro/m3 (silty loam soil) and 0.055 Euro/m3 (clay loam soil) in controlled plots. However,
the potential economic water productivity of tomato in the area was about 0.724 Euro/m3 of
water. In addition to irrigation activities, the farmers used their shallow wells water for domestic
and livestock purposes that highly affect the amount of water that must be added to their
farmland. Besides, the farmers face problems related to market, storage facilities, absence of
transportation, shortage of water and poor water management that highly discourages them not to
produce more crops than the present.

methods

The Productivity of Shallow Wells Groundwater in Agriculture and Interacting Systems: A Case Study at Debre Kidane Watershed, Eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Ethiopia is well known as the “East Africa water tower.” Water flows from it in all directions, north and west to the Nile River (Sudan and Egypt), And south to Lake Turkana (Kenya), Shabelle and Juba (Somalia). To the east, Lake Assal (Djibouti), Mountainous nature, and complex terrain dominate Ethiopia. Rainwater and its run-off mountain slopes and hills are the source of surface water for most Ethiopian lands. This paper discusses Ethiopia’s water situation, as the primary source country, which contributes about 85% of the Nile’s water, and discusses Ethiopia’s possibility to establish great dams. And the most important geological reasons behind the failure of many water projects in Ethiopia, whether on a large or small scale. Including the temporal and spatial diversity of rainfall, the high evaporation rate (87%), the different terrain, the severity of the slopes, the spread of weak basaltic volcanic rocks and fractured limestone, and a large number of faults and faults as a result of the seismic activity associated with the African trench, as well as the increase of the Ethiopian plateau. Alluvial sedimentation that negatively affects the storage capacity of dams. It also aims to assess the impact of existing or under-construction water projects on the water share of Egypt and Sudan and to identify future water projects in Ethiopia by analyzing previous data, reports, and scientific research, and finally finding ways to get out of the current crisis between countries The source on one side and the downstream countries (Egypt and Sudan) on the other side.

Monitoring productivity of water in agriculture and interacting systems: the case of Tekeze/Atbara River Basin in Ethiopia

Citations

Perfomance of rehabilitated irrigation systems: a case study of igomelo irrigation scheme in tanzania

The Productivity of Shallow Wells Groundwater in Agriculture and Interacting Systems: A Case Study at Debre Kidane Watershed, Eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Water Projects in Ethiopia and their Implications for the Future of the Nile Water

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