Journal ArticleDOI
Mononuclear leukocyte DNA damage and oxidative stress: the association with smoking of hand-rolled and filter-cigarettes.
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It is indicated that smoking of hand-rolled cigarettes has stronger genotoxic and oxidative effects on the metabolism than smoking of manufactured filter-cigarettes, and it is proposed that these harmful effects could be attributed to the higher level of oxidants.Abstract:
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of human cancer at various sites, although its carcinogenic mechanisms still remain unestablished. Based on the use of a filter, cigarette smoke can be divided into a gas phase and a tar phase. Both contain different concentrations of oxidants, free radicals and tobacco-specific carcinogens. To explore the effects of both filtered and non-filtered cigarette smoke on DNA damage and oxidative status, we measured the level of mononuclear leukocyte DNA damage by use of the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. We also determined malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl content (PC) and total antioxidative capacity (TAC) levels in blood plasma of smokers of manufactured filter-cigarettes and of hand-rolled cigarettes. Cotinine levels were also measured in plasma to estimate the degree of smoking. Mononuclear leukocyte DNA damage, plasma MDA, plasma PC and plasma cotinine levels were found significantly higher, while plasma TAC levels were found significantly lower in smokers of filter-cigarettes and smokers of hand-rolled cigarettes, compared with control subjects. TAC levels in hand-rolled and manufactured filter-cigarette smokers were not significantly different from each other. However, the levels of DNA damage, plasma MDA, plasma cotinine, and plasma protein oxidation were significantly higher in hand-rolled cigarette smokers than in filter-cigarette smokers. There was a significant positive correlation between MDA and DNA damage in both hand-rolled cigarette smokers and manufactured filter-cigarette smokers. This study indicates that smoking of hand-rolled cigarettes has stronger genotoxic and oxidative effects on the metabolism than smoking of manufactured filter-cigarettes. We propose that these harmful effects could be attributed to the higher level of oxidants.read more
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Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation and quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: an hCOMET perspective
Amaya Azqueta,Carina Ladeira,Lisa Giovannelli,Elisa Boutet-Robinet,Stefano Bonassi,Monica Neri,Goran Gajski,Susan J. Duthie,Cristian Del Bo,Patrizia Riso,Gudrun Koppen,Nurşen Başaran,Andrew Collins,Peter Møller +13 more
TL;DR: The comet assay is a well-accepted biomonitoring tool to examine the effect of dietary, lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposure on levels of DNA damage in human cells, but the collective evidence does not indicate single factors have a large impact.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differential exposure to 33 toxic elements through cigarette smoking, based on the type of tobacco and rolling paper used.
Manuel Zumbado,Octavio P. Luzardo,Octavio P. Luzardo,Ángel Rodríguez-Hernández,Luis D. Boada,Luis D. Boada,Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that the paper used in roll‐your‐own cigarettes may significantly modify their concentration of elements, both in the tobacco and in the paper, and that the type of cigarette consumed influences the exposure to toxic elements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antigenotoxic and antioxidant potentials of newly derivatized compound naringenin-oxime relative to naringenin on human mononuclear cells.
Abdurrahim Kocyigit,Ismail Koyuncu,Abdullah Taskin,Murat Dikilitas,Fatemeh Bahadori,Baki Türkkan +5 more
TL;DR: Both NG and NG-Ox show a protective effect against HP-induced oxidative damage on PBMC and are able to reduce oxidative stress and apparently NG- Ox is more effective than NG.
Journal ArticleDOI
The flavoring and not the nicotine content is a decisive factor for the effects of refill liquids of electronic cigarette on the redox status of endothelial cells
Efthalia Kerasioti,Aristidis S. Veskoukis,Zoi Skaperda,Apostolis Zacharias,Konstantinos Poulas,George Lazopoulos,Demetrios Kouretas +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of electronic cigarette refill liquids on the redox state of human endothelial cells (EA.hy926 cell line) were examined for their impact on cell viability of EA.
References
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Free radicals in biology and medicine
TL;DR: 1. Oxygen is a toxic gas - an introduction to oxygen toxicity and reactive species, and the chemistry of free radicals and related 'reactive species'
Journal ArticleDOI
A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells
TL;DR: Human lymphocytes were exposed to X-irradiation or treated with H2O2 and the extent of DNA migration was measured using a single-cell microgel electrophoresis technique under alkaline conditions and this technique appears to be sensitive and useful for detecting damage and repair in single cells.
Book
The Causes of Cancer: Quantitative Estimates of Avoidable Risks of Cancer in the United States Today
Richard Doll,Richard Peto +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence that the various common types of cancer are largely avoidable diseases is reviewed, and it is suggested that, apart from cancer of the respiratory tract, the types of cancers that are currently common are not peculiarly modern diseases and are likely to depend chiefly on some long-established factor.
Journal ArticleDOI
A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation
TL;DR: This easy, stable, reliable, sensitive, inexpensive, and fully automated method described can be used to measure total antioxidant capacity.
Book ChapterDOI
Oxidative damage to proteins : spectrophotometric method for carbonyl assay
Abraham Z. Reznick,Lester Packer +1 more
TL;DR: The chapter discusses the physiological importance of protein oxidation, and increases in carbonyl levels are examined in several diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ischemia-reperfusion injury to heart muscles, and muscle damage caused by exhaustive exercise.