Journal ArticleDOI
Monophyletic groups within the Parmeliaceae identified by ITS rDNA, beta-tubulin and GAPDH sequences
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Phylogenetic relationships within the Parmeliaceae are analysed cladistically on the basis of DNA characters from partial β-tubulin, partial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and ITS sequences to identify eight monophyletic groups.Abstract:
Phylogenetic relationships within the Parmeliaceae are analysed cladistically on the basis of DNA characters from partial β-tubulin, partial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and ITS sequences. 100 taxa representing 73 of the 88 genera currently recognised are included in the analyses. Eight monophyletic groups including two or more genera were identified in the tree calculated from the combined data matrix. Three of the groups cover almost half of the species of the family. The largest and strongest supported group includes seven genera with their distribution centres in the Southern Hemisphere: Almbornia, Chondropsis, Karoowia, Namakwa, Neofuscelia, Xanthomaculina and Xanthoparmelia. The second group is a clade of four essentially tropical genera: Concamerella, Flavoparmelia, Parmotrema and Rimelia. The third large group with strong support is the core of cetrarioid lichens, distributed primarily in cold areas of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus Parmelia sensu Hale is not closely related with most of its segregates. One new combination, Cetrariella commixta, is proposed. Coelopogon abraxas is reported from South America for the first time.read more
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New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes
Jolanta Miadlikowska,Frank Kauff,Valérie Hofstetter,Emily Fraker,Martin Grube,Josef Hafellner,Valérie Reeb,Brendan P. Hodkinson,Martin Kukwa,Robert Lücking,Geir Hestmark,Mónica A.G. Otálora,Alexandra Rauhut,Burkhard Büdel,Christoph Scheidegger,Einar Timdal,Soili Stenroos,Irwin M. Brodo,Gary B. Perlmutter,Damien Ertz,Paul Diederich,James C. Lendemer,Philip F. May,Conrad L. Schoch,A. Elizabeth Arnold,Cécile Gueidan,Erin A. Tripp,Rebecca Yahr,Connie Robertson,François Lutzoni +29 more
TL;DR: The phylogenies confirm that ascus morphology cannot be applied consistently to shape the classification of lichen-forming fungi and conclude that a phylogenetic synthesis for a chosen taxonomic group should include a comprehensive assessment of phylogenetic confidence based on multiple estimates using different methods and on a progressive taxon sampling with an increasing number of taxa, even if it involves an increasing amount of missing data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogenetic generic classification of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence
Ana Crespo,Frank Kauff,Pradeep K. Divakar,Ruth del Prado,Sergio Pérez-Ortega,Guillermo Amo de Paz,Ferencova Suzana,Oscar Blanco,Beatriz Roca-Valiente,Jano Núñez-Zapata,Paloma Cubas,Arturo Argüello,J. A. Elix,Theodore L. Esslinger,David L. Hawksworth,Ana M. Millanes,M. Carmen Molina,Mats Wedin,Teuvo Ahti,André Aptroot,Eva Barreno,Frank Bungartz,Susana Calvelo,Mehmet Candan,Mariette S. Cole,Damien Ertz,Bernard Goffinet,Louise Lindblom,Robert Lücking,François Lutzoni,Jan-Eric Mattsson,María Inés Messuti,Jolanta Miadlikowska,Michele D. Piercey-Normore,Víctor J. Rico,Harrie J. M. Sipman,Imke Schmitt,Toby Spribille,Arne Thell,Göran Thor,Dalip K. Upreti,H. Thorsten Lumbsch +41 more
TL;DR: An overview of current knowledge of the major clades of all parmelioid lichens is given and 27 genera within nine main clades are accepted, including 31 of 33 currently accepted parMelioid genera (and 63 of 84 accepted genera of Parmeliaceae).
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity of lichens, including a world-wide analysis of checklist data based on Takhtajan’s floristic regions
TL;DR: The similarity of lichenized fungal species composition among the 35 floristic regions recognized by Takhtajan was calculated, and a nearest-neighbour cluster analysis of pair-wise comparisons of species composition data (Jaccard index of similarity) from these geographical units is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
The lichen-forming ascomycete Evernia mesomorpha associates with multiple genotypes of Trebouxia jamesii.
TL;DR: Low fungal specificity for multiple algal genotypes and a hypothesized algal switch may be important life history strategies for E. mesomorpha to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The limitations of ancestral state reconstruction and the evolution of the ascus in the Lecanorales (lichenized Ascomycota).
TL;DR: This investigation explored the outcomes of a variety of methods for reconstructing discrete ancestral state in the ascus apex of the Lecanorales, a group containing the majority of lichen-forming ascomycetes, and designed a novel method for assessing the suitable number of discrete gamma categories which relies on the effect on phylogeny estimates rather than on likelihoods.
References
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Book
PCR protocols : A guide to methods and applications
TL;DR: Basic Methodology: M.A. Innis and D.F. Frohman, RACE: Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, and RNA Processing: Apo-B.R. Kwok, Procedure to Minimuze PCR-Product Carry-Over.
Journal ArticleDOI
ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes--application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts.
M. Gardes,Thomas D. Bruns +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, two taxon-selective primers for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit were proposed, which were intended to be specific to fungi and basidiomycetes, respectively.