More evidence for sensorimotor adaptation in color perception.
01 Sep 2005-Journal of Vision (Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology)-Vol. 6, Iss: 2, pp 145-153
TL;DR: It is shown that sensorim motor adaptation can be obtained for color, as a consequence of the introduction of a new sensorimotor contingency between eye movements and color changes.
Abstract: Sensorimotor adaptation can be defined as a perceptual adaptation whose effects depend on the occurrence and nature of the performed motor actions. Examples of sensorimotor adaptation can be found in the literature on prisms concerning several space-related attributes like orientation, curvature, and size. In this article, we show that sensorimotor adaptation can be obtained for color, as a consequence of the introduction of a new sensorimotor contingency between eye movements and color changes. In an adaptation phase, trials involved the successive presentation of two patches, first on the left, and then on the right or the opposite. The left patch being always red and the right patch green, a correlation is introduced between left–right (respectively right–left) eye saccades and red–green (respectively green–red) color change. After 40 min of adaptation, when two yellow patches are successively presented on each side of the screen, the chromaticity of the left and right patches need respectively to be shifted toward the chromaticity of the red and green adaptation patches for subjective equality to be obtained. When the eyes are kept fixed during the adaptation stage, creating a strong nonhomogeneity in retinal adaptation, no effect is found. This ensures that, if present, adaptation at a given retinal location cannot explain the present effect. A third experiment shows a dependency of the effect on the eyes' saccadic movements and not on the position on the screen, that is, on the position of the eyes in the orbits. These results argue for the involvement of sensorimotor mechanisms in color perception. The relation of these experimental findings toward a sensorimotor theory of color perception is discussed.
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Abstract: Many current neurophysiological, psychophysical, and psychological approaches to vision rest on the idea that when we see, the brain produces an internal representation of the world. The activation of this internal representation is assumed to give rise to the experience of seeing. The problem with this kind of approach is that it leaves unexplained how the existence of such a detailed internal representation might produce visual consciousness. An alternative proposal is made here. We propose that seeing is a way of acting. It is a particular way of exploring the environment. Activity in internal representations does not generate the experience of seeing. The outside world serves as its own, external, representation. The experience of seeing occurs when the organism masters what we call the governing laws of sensorimotor contingency. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a natural and principled way of accounting for visual consciousness, and for the differences in the perceived quality of sensory experience in the different sensory modalities. Several lines of empirical evidence are brought forward in support of the theory, in particular: evidence from experiments in sensorimotor adaptation, visual \"filling in,\" visual stability despite eye movements, change blindness, sensory substitution, and color perception.
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Cites background from "More evidence for sensorimotor adap..."
...Several studies have shown that trans-saccadic changes in object features (Cox, Meier, Oertelt, & DiCarlo, 2005; Li & DiCarlo, 2008) and associations between saccade direction and postsaccadic foveal displays (Bompas & O’Regan, 2006) can be learned....
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TL;DR: The results show that both selective attention and saccadic eye movements influenced the magnitude of the tilt aftereffect, but in different ways, suggesting that trans-saccadic perception is not limited to a single object but instead depends on the allocation of selective attention.
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182 citations
"More evidence for sensorimotor adap..." refers background or result in this paper
...These results showed that Kohler (1962) was wrong considering that adaptation to the split-field spectacles could be adequately described according to the Bsituational conditioning[ hypothesis, as a form of color adaptation contingent on gaze direction or position in external space....
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...To this purpose, Kohler (1962) had one subjects wear leftfield yellow/right-field blue goggles for several weeks and obtained the desired shift: white adjustments differed depending on gaze direction (left versus right)....
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...However, Kohler (1962) justified his choice for blue and yellow by assuming that adaptation to the half-split colored goggles involved the same mechanisms as those responsible for adaptation to the blue and yellow fringes produced by prismsVand the optics of normal eyesVon vertical contrasts....
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Book•
01 Jan 1966
TL;DR: Books and internet are the recommended media to help you improving your quality and performance.
Abstract: Inevitably, reading is one of the requirements to be undergone. To improve the performance and quality, someone needs to have something new every day. It will suggest you to have more inspirations, then. However, the needs of inspirations will make you searching for some sources. Even from the other people experience, internet, and many books. Books and internet are the recommended media to help you improving your quality and performance.
172 citations
"More evidence for sensorimotor adap..." refers background in this paper
...Keywords: color, eye movements, sensorimotor, adaptation Introduction Adaptation to the spatial distortions introduced by prisms is a well-known phenomenon (Gibson, 1966; Harris, 1965; Held & Freedman, 1963; Rock, 1966; Welch, 1974)....
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TL;DR: A biological approach for surface reflection properties that takes into account only the information about light that is accessible to an organism given the photopigments it possesses is suggested, and it is shown that now asymmetries appear in the behavior of surfaces with respect to light.
Abstract: Psychophysical studies suggest that different colors have different perceptual status: red and blue for example are thought of as elementary sensations whereas yellowish green is not. The dominant account for such perceptual asymmetries attributes them to specificities of the neuronal representation of colors. Alternative accounts involve cultural or linguistic arguments. What these accounts have in common is the idea that there are no asymmetries in the physics of light and surfaces that could underlie the perceptual structure of colors, and this is why neuronal or cultural processes must be invoked as the essential underlying mechanisms that structure color perception. Here, we suggest a biological approach for surface reflection properties that takes into account only the information about light that is accessible to an organism given the photopigments it possesses, and we show that now asymmetries appear in the behavior of surfaces with respect to light. These asymmetries provide a classification of surface properties that turns out to be identical to the one observed in linguistic color categorization across numerous cultures, as pinned down by cross cultural studies. Further, we show that data from psychophysical studies about unique hues and hue cancellation are consistent with the viewpoint that stimuli reported by observers as special are those associated with this singularity-based categorization of surfaces under a standard illuminant. The approach predicts that unique blue and unique yellow should be aligned in chromatic space while unique red and unique green should not, a fact usually conjectured to result from nonlinearities in chromatic pathways.
122 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: The authors examine the motivations for such anti-reductionist views, and assess their coherence and success, in a number of different fields, and conclude that failure to achieve a reduction undermines the legitimacy of higher levels of description or explanation.
Abstract: What is reduction? Must all discussions of the mind, value, colour, biological organisms, and persons aim to reduce these to objects and properties that can be studied by more basic, physical science? Conversely, does failure to achieve a reduction undermine the legitimacy of higher levels of description or explanation? In recent years philosophers have attempted to avoid these traditional alternatives by developing an account of higher-level phenomena which shows them to be grounded in, but not reducible to, basic physical objects and properties. The contributors to this volume examine the motivations for such anti-reductionist views, and assess their coherence and success, in a number of different fields. Their essays constitute a unified discussion, into which the reader is led by an introductory chapter where the editors set out some of the central claims and questions.
113 citations