More evidence on the value of Chinese workers' psychological capital: A potentially unlimited competitive resource?
07 May 2008-International Journal of Human Resource Management (Taylor & Francis Group)-Vol. 19, Iss: 5, pp 818-827
TL;DR: In this article, a positive approach to Chinese HRM that recognizes, develops and manages the psychological capital (PsyCap) of workers is proposed, and the results of a follow-up study provide further evidence that the PsyCap of Chinese workers is related to their performance.
Abstract: As China continues its unprecedented economic growth and emergence as a world power, new solutions must be forthcoming to meet the accompanying challenges. We propose a positive approach to Chinese HRM that recognizes, develops and manages the psychological capital (PsyCap) of workers. After providing a brief overview of hope, efficacy, optimism, resilience and overall PsyCap in today's Chinese context, the results of a follow-up study provide further evidence that the PsyCap of Chinese workers is related to their performance. The implications that this evidence-based value of Chinese workers' psychological capital has for China now and into the future concludes this study.
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01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore how the imaginative dimension is an essential feature of migrant lives, including those who seemingly "remain in place" and offer cultural and political logics for why the omission of the role of imaginative "mindsets" of certain migrant groups can distort our perception of their mobility, especially compared with their highly mobile, privileged counterparts who benefit from the opposite assumption: their physical mobility is a marker of their productive mindset and creative talent, rather than a threat to health and safety.
Abstract: Migration, as a process, is intimately linked to one’s capacity, and sometimes necessity, to imagine life in a different place and time. This sociocognitive aspect is not only a forward-looking engagement with future times and places; our minds are actively involved in retrospectively reconstructing the past as part of reimagining memories that align and reinforce beliefs and dreams of a ‘better’ future. Drawing from literature on transnational migration and cognitive decision-making, supported by empirical examples from across the globe, we explore how this imaginative dimension is an essential feature of migrant lives, including those who seemingly ‘remain in place’. Furthermore, we offer cultural and political logics for why the omission of the role of imaginative ‘mindsets’ of certain migrant groups can distort our perception of their mobility, especially compared with their highly mobile, privileged counterparts – the ‘creative class’ – who benefit from the opposite assumption: their physical mobility is a marker of their productive mindset and creative talent, rather than a threat to health and safety. Conceptualizing the ‘transnational mindset’ of migrants as an underestimated facet in transnational migration literature, we problematize different mobilities and their intersections by asking: Why are some people on the move elevated as creative or imaginative, while others are seen as problems or threats?
10 citations
Cites background from "More evidence on the value of Chine..."
...…as transnational mentality (Bartlett & Ghoshal, 1989), and multinational mindset (Caproni, Lenway, & Murtha, 1992) and psychological capital (Luthans et al. 2007), or Psy-Cap, described as the core latent factor that explains and influences positive organizational behavior (Luthans et al. 2008)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed current research trends on psychological constructs related to well-being at work and found that job satisfaction, organizational commitment, psychological capital, personality traits, constructive thinking are related constructs.
Abstract: The article analyses current research trends on psychological constructs related to well being at work. Right around the turn of the last century, the field of psychology began to place greater importance on investigation what contributes to human flourishing, however, positive approach is still developing, and evidence on relationship between positive constructs has not been grounded culturally yet. This paper presents some results of the survey (n=197) which was conducted in Lithuania. It aimed to identify psychological factors that were found to be related to well being at work: job satisfaction, organizational commitment, psychological capital, personality traits, constructive thinking. This study confirmed that job satisfaction, organizational commitment and positive psychological capital are related constructs, and this Lithuanian research complements the previous studies done in various countries. The study has also demonstrated some statistically significant relations between personality traits and constructive thinking in Lithuanian organizations.
10 citations
01 Jan 2011
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Dissertation•
14 May 2015
9 citations
31 Mar 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of psikolojik sermayenin (oz yeterliligin) in the development of the ORB.
Abstract: Bu calismanin amaci, otantik liderlik ile orgutsel baglilik arasindaki iliskide psikolojik sermayenin aracilik rolunu belirlemektir. Arastirmanin orneklemini Bingol Universitesinde gorev yapan 295 akademik ve idari personel olusturmustur. Kolayda orneklem yonteminin kullanildigi calismada veri toplama araci olarak anket kullanilmistir. Ankette otantik liderlik, psikolojik sermaye ve orgutsel baglilik degiskenlerini olcmeye yonelik ifadeler ve demografik ozelliklere iliskin sorulara yer verilmistir. Toplanan veriler SPSS ve AMOS programlariyla analiz edilmistir. Konuya iliskin kullanilan olceklerin gecerlilik ve guvenilirligi test edilmis ve dogrulayici faktor analizi uygulanmistir. Hipotezler korelasyon ve regresyon testi ile incelenmis olup Sobel testi yapilarak saglamasi uygulanmis, elde edilen bulgular bu kapsamda yorumlanmistir. Elde edilen bulgular orgutsel bagliligin artmasinda, otantik liderlik ve psikolojik sermayenin onemli rollerinin oldugunu gostermistir. Ayrica psikolojik sermayenin (oz yeterliligin) otantik liderligin, orgutsel baglilik uzerindeki etkisinde kismi araci rolu oldugu tespit edilmistir. Diger taraftan psikolojik sermayenin iyimserlik, psikolojik dayaniklilik ve umut alt boyutlarinin otantik liderligin ile orgutsel baglilik arasinda aracilik etkisi tespit edilmemistir .
9 citations
Cites background from "More evidence on the value of Chine..."
...…is stated that if employees believe in optimistic and self-efficacy, they will be more successful in their enterprises and they will feel more connected to the enterpise they work with (Youssef and Luthans, 2007; Avey et al., 2011; Luthans et al., 2008; Laschinger et al., 2009; Ocak et al., 2016)....
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...nected to the enterpise they work with (Youssef and Luthans, 2007; Avey et al., 2011; Luthans et al., 2008; Laschinger et al., 2009; Ocak et al., 2016)....
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References
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01 Jan 1997TL;DR: SelfSelf-Efficacy (SE) as discussed by the authors is a well-known concept in human behavior, which is defined as "belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments".
Abstract: Albert Bandura and the Exercise of Self-Efficacy Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control Albert Bandura. New York: W. H. Freeman (www.whfreeman.com). 1997, 604 pp., $46.00 (hardcover). Enter the term "self-efficacy" in the on-line PSYCLIT database and you will find over 2500 articles, all of which stem from the seminal contributions of Albert Bandura. It is difficult to do justice to the immense importance of this research for our theories, our practice, and indeed for human welfare. Self-efficacy (SE) has proven to be a fruitful construct in spheres ranging from phobias (Bandura, Jeffery, & Gajdos, 1975) and depression (Holahan & Holahan, 1987) to career choice behavior (Betz & Hackett, 1986) and managerial functioning (Jenkins, 1994). Bandura's Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control is the best attempt so far at organizing, summarizing, and distilling meaning from this vast and diverse literature. Self-Efficacy may prove to be Bandura's magnum opus. Dr. Bandura has done an impressive job of summarizing over 1800 studies and papers, integrating these results into a coherent framework, and detailing implications for theory and practice. While incorporating prior works such as Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977) and "Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency" (Bandura, 1982), Self-Efficacy extends these works by describing results of diverse new research, clarifying and extending social cognitive theory, and fleshing out implications of the theory for groups, organizations, political bodies, and societies. Along the way, Dr. Bandura masterfully contrasts social cognitive theory with many other theories of human behavior and helps chart a course for future research. Throughout, B andura' s clear, firm, and self-confident writing serves as the perfect vehicle for the theory he espouses. Self-Efficacy begins with the most detailed and clear explication of social cognitive theory that I have yet seen, and proceeds to delineate the nature and sources of SE, the well-known processes via which SE mediates human behavior, and the development of SE over the life span. After laying this theoretical groundwork, subsequent chapters delineate the relevance of SE to human endeavor in a variety of specific content areas including cognitive and intellectual functioning; health; clinical problems including anxiety, phobias, depression, eating disorders, alcohol problems, and drug abuse; athletics and exercise activity; organizations; politics; and societal change. In Bandura's words, "Perceived self-efficacy refers to beliefs in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments" (p. 3). People's SE beliefs have a greater effect on their motivation, emotions, and actions than what is objectively true (e.g., actual skill level). Therefore, SE beliefs are immensely important in choice of behaviors (including occupations, social relationships, and a host of day-to-day behaviors), effort expenditure, perseverance in pursuit of goals, resilience to setbacks and problems, stress level and affect, and indeed in our ways of thinking about ourselves and others. Bandura affirms many times that humans are proactive and free as well as determined: They are "at least partial architects of their own destinies" (p. 8). Because SE beliefs powerfully affect human behaviors, they are a key factor in human purposive activity or agency; that is, in human freedom. Because humans shape their environment even as they are shaped by it, SE beliefs are also pivotal in the construction of our social and physical environments. Bandura details over two decades of research confirming that SE is modifiable via mastery experiences, vicarious learning, verbal persuasion, and interpretation of physiological states, and that modified SE strongly and consistently predicts outcomes. SE beliefs, then, are central to human self-determination. STRENGTHS One major strength of Self-Efficacy is Bandura's ability to deftly dance from forest to trees and back again to forest, using specific, human examples and concrete situations to highlight his major theoretical premises, to which he then returns. …
46,839 citations
"More evidence on the value of Chine..." refers background in this paper
...However, there is now considerable evidence, both conceptually (e.g., Bandura 1997; Snyder 2000, 2002; Luthans et al. 2007b) and empirically (Magaletta and Oliver 1999; Carifio and Rhodes 2002; Bryant and Cvengros 2004), that they are independent constructs....
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...Self-efficacy is the positive belief or confidence in one’s ability to perform specific tasks (Bandura 1997)....
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TL;DR: The authors outline a framework for a science of positive psychology, point to gaps in the authors' knowledge, and predict that the next century will see a science and profession that will come to understand and build the factors that allow individuals, communities, and societies to flourish.
Abstract: A science of positive subjective experience, positive individual traits, and positive institutions promises to improve quality of life and prevent the pathologies that arise when life is barren and meaningless, The exclusive focus on pathology that has dominated so much of our discipline results in a model of the human being lacking the positive features that make life worth living. Hope, wisdom, creativity, future mindedness, courage, spirituality, responsibility, and perseverance are ignored or explained as transformations of more authentic negative impulses. The 15 articles in this millennial issue of the American Psychologist discuss such issues as what enables happiness, the effects of autonomy and self-regulation, how optimism and hope affect health, what constitutes wisdom, and how talent and creativity come to fruition. The authors outline a framework for a science of positive psychology, point to gaps in our knowledge, and predict that the next century will see a science and profession that will come to understand and build the factors that allow individuals, communities, and societies to flourish.
12,650 citations
"More evidence on the value of Chine..." refers background in this paper
...Positive psychology (e.g., see Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi 2000; Synder and Lopez 2002), positive organizational behaviour (Luthans 2002; Luthans 2003; Wright 2003; Luthans and Youssef 2007; Nelson and Cooper 2007); positive organizational scholarship (Cameron, Dutton and Quinn 2003), and…...
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TL;DR: The authors investigated factors that affect translation quality and how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated through an analysis of variance design, and concluded that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target translations are studied.
Abstract: Two aspects of translation were investigated: (1) factors that affect translation quality, and (2) how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated. The variables of language, content, and difficulty were studied through an analysis of variance design. Ninety-four bilinguals from the University of Guam, representing ten languages, translated or back-translated six essays incorporating three content areas and two levels of difficulty. The five criteria for equivalence were based on comparisons of meaning or predictions of similar responses to original or translated versions. The factors of content, difficulty, language and content-language interaction were significant, and the five equivalence criteria proved workable. Conclusions are that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target versions are studied.
9,422 citations
"More evidence on the value of Chine..." refers methods in this paper
...All scales were translated into Mandarin Chinese using back translation methodology (Brislin 1970, 1980)....
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TL;DR: An examination of converging findings from variable-focused and person-focused investigations of resilience suggests that resilience is common and that it usually arises from the normative functions of human adaptational systems, with the greatest threats to human development being those that compromise these protective systems.
Abstract: The study of resilience in development has overturned many negative assumptions and deficit-focused models about children growing up under the threat of disadvantage and adversity. The most surprising conclusion emerging from studies of these children is the ordinariness of resilience. An examination of converging findings from variable-focused and person-focused investigations of these phenomena suggests that resilience is common and that it usually arises from the normative functions of human adaptational systems, with the greatest threats to human development being those that compromise these protective systems. The conclusion that resilience is made of ordinary rather than extraordinary processes offers a more positive outlook on human development and adaptation, as well as direction for policy and practice aimed at enhancing the development of children at risk for problems and psychopathology.
5,961 citations
"More evidence on the value of Chine..." refers background in this paper
...Resiliency is the capacity to bounce back from adverse or stressful situations (Masten, Best and Garmezy 1990; Masten 2001; Luthans 2002)....
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...At one time thought to be very rare and even ‘magical’, resiliency is now recognized to be a psychological capacity that all individuals possess (Masten 2001), but it needs to be developed and unleashed....
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TL;DR: A new model is advanced to describe the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment, and love, that serve to broaden an individual's momentary thought–action repertoire, which in turn has the effect of building that individual's physical, intellectual, and social resources.
Abstract: This article opens by noting that positive emotions do not fit existing models of emotions. Consequently, a new model is advanced to describe the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment, and love. This new model posits that these positive emotions serve to broaden an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire, which in turn has the effect of building that individual's physical, intellectual, and social resources. Empirical evidence to support this broadenand-build model of positive emotions is reviewed, and implications for emotion regulation and health promotion are discussed. Even though research on emotions has this new perspective are featured. My hope is flourished in recent years, investigations that that this article will unlock scientific curiosity expressly target positive emotions remain few and far between. Any review of the psychological literature on emotions will show that psychologists have typically favored negative emotions in theory building and hypothesis testing. In so doing, psychologists have inadvertently marginalized the emotions, such as joy, about positive emotions, not only to test the ideas presented here, but also to build other new models that might illuminate the nature and value of positive emotions. Psychology sorely needs more studies on positive emotions, not simply to level the uneven knowledge bases between negative and positive emotions, but interest, contentment, and love, that share a more critically, to guide applications and pleasant subjective feel. To date, then, psychology's knowledge base regarding positive emotions is so thin that satisfying answers to the question "What good are positive emotions?" have yet to be articulated. This is unfortunate. Experiences of positive emotion are central to human nature and contribute richly to the quality of people's lives (Diener & Larsen,
5,198 citations
"More evidence on the value of Chine..." refers background in this paper
...…Luthans and Youssef 2007; Nelson and Cooper 2007); positive organizational scholarship (Cameron, Dutton and Quinn 2003), and positive emotions (Fredrickson 1998, 2000) have all provided evidence that individuals flourish when the focus shifts from fixing what is wrong with people to…...
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