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Morphology, composition, production, processing and applications of Chlorella vulgaris: A review

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TLDR
This comprehensive review article spots the light on one of the most interesting microalga Chlorella vulgaris and assembles the history and a thorough description of its ultrastructure and composition according to growth conditions.
Abstract
Economic and technical problems related to the reduction of petroleum resources require the valorisation of renewable raw material Recently, microalgae emerged as promising alternative feedstock that represents an enormous biodiversity with multiple benefits exceeding the potential of conventional agricultural feedstock Thus, this comprehensive review article spots the light on one of the most interesting microalga Chlorella vulgaris It assembles the history and a thorough description of its ultrastructure and composition according to growth conditions The harvesting techniques are presented in relation to the novel algo-refinery concept, with their technological advancements and potential applications in the market

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This is an author’s version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23269
To cite this version:
Safi, Carl and Zebib, Bachar and Merah, Othmane and Pontalier, Pierre-
Yves and Vaca-Garcia, Carlos Morphology, composition, production,
processing and applications of Chlorella vulgaris: A review. (2014) Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 35. 265-278. ISSN 1364-0321
Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.007

Morphology, composition, production, processing and applications
of Chlorella vulgaris: A review

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 
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 
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  
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c


c 
ARTICLE INFO







Contents
ABSTRACT
c  c     c     
c
cc
  c  c        
  Chlorella vulgar.        c  
ccccc
     c  cc  

 c
  

 

  


 
 c 
 c 

c  
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
 









 

 

 

 


 


1. Introduction


        
        
         


         
 

          
          
      
        
    

       
         
         



 
          



         
     


 
        

       

        
         
         

         
 

        
          

         


      
    
        
    
      
   
       
   
       
        




 


 

2

  
     


      

     
        



         
        

  

        

        


2. Morpholo
        



 

        
 

 
         

        

   
        
 


         
        


         
    
 
       

          
 

 
      






Vacuo


Sh

- akoids
  vulgaris 
   
         
 
 
        
       

       



         
    


        

3. Reproduion
       
         

         
          
  




4. Produion
  
         
          

         
       
         
 
  
2
       
   

     
 
 

  Chlore/la vulgaris:  
    

 

 
 

       
        
    

       
   
x
 
  
       
         

       
         

  
2
     
          
  

     

  
      
         

 
          

        
        
    
2
    
           

 
      
        
      
       
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 
      

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     


  
        
         
         
           
       
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        

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     
        
       

  

 
       
      

 
     
     
        
  
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   

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 
         
        

 
 
 
         
        
   
        

2
       
   
2
   

        

        
       
 
 

          
        
    ç
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  

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   
         
       
      
 

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Microalgae as feed ingredients for livestock production and meat quality: A review

TL;DR: This work was supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) through grant PTDC/CVT-NUT/5931/2014 and individual fellowships to M.S. Cardoso and Diogo Coelho.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cell-wall disruption and lipid/astaxanthin extraction from microalgae: Chlorella and Haematococcus.

TL;DR: Various chemical, physical, physico-chemical, and biological methods applied for cell-wall breakage and lipid/astaxanthin extraction from Chlorella and Haematococcus are discussed in detail and compared based on efficiency, energy consumption, type and dosage of solvent, biomass concentration and status (wet/dried), toxicity, scalability, and synergistic combinations.
Journal ArticleDOI

Lipid Production from Nannochloropsis.

TL;DR: This review aims to provide an overview of biology and biotechnological potential of Nannochloropsis, with the emphasis on lipid production.
Journal ArticleDOI

Industrial potential of carotenoid pigments from microalgae: Current trends and future prospects

TL;DR: These carotenoid pigments, are useful in various health applications and their use in food, feed, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries was briefly touched upon.
References
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Journal Article

Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent

TL;DR: Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation with acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 gamma of protein.
Journal ArticleDOI

Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances

TL;DR: In this article, a method was developed to determine submicro amounts of sugars and related substances using a phenol-sulfuric acid reaction, which is useful for the determination of the composition of polysaccharides and their methyl derivatives.
Journal ArticleDOI

Biodiesel from microalgae.

TL;DR: As demonstrated here, microalgae appear to be the only source of renewable biodiesel that is capable of meeting the global demand for transport fuels.
Journal ArticleDOI

Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review

TL;DR: The various aspects associated with the design of microalgae production units are described, giving an overview of the current state of development of algae cultivation systems (photo-bioreactors and open ponds).
Journal ArticleDOI

Biofuels from microalgae—A review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the technologies underpinning microalgae-to-bio-fuels systems, focusing on the biomass production, harvesting, conversion technologies, and the extraction of useful co-products.
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What is the morphology of Chlorella vulgaris?

Chlorella vulgaris has a gel-like substance within the cell membrane, containing water, soluble proteins, minerals, mitochondria, a small nucleus, vacuoles, a single chloroplast, and the Golgi body.