Morphology of a TiO2 Photocatalyst (Degussa, P-25) Consisting of Anatase and Rutile Crystalline Phases
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that the anatase and rutile particles separately form their agglomerates and the average sizes of anatase particles are 85 and 25 nm, respectively.
About: This article is published in Journal of Catalysis.The article was published on 2001-10-01. It has received 1069 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Anatase & Rutile.
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TL;DR: In this paper, photo-induced superhydrophilicity was used on the surface of a wide-band gap semiconductor like titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) for photocatalytic activity towards environmentally hazardous compounds.
4,241 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive analysis of the reported effects of dopants on the anatase to rutile phase transformation and the mechanisms by which these effects are brought about is presented in this article, yielding a plot of the cationic radius versus the valence characterised by a distinct boundary between inhibitors and promoters.
Abstract: Titanium dioxide, TiO2, is an important photocatalytic material that exists as two main polymorphs, anatase and rutile. The presence of either or both of these phases impacts on the photocatalytic performance of the material. The present work reviews the anatase to rutile phase transformation. The synthesis and properties of anatase and rutile are examined, followed by a discussion of the thermodynamics of the phase transformation and the factors affecting its observation. A comprehensive analysis of the reported effects of dopants on the anatase to rutile phase transformation and the mechanisms by which these effects are brought about is presented in this review, yielding a plot of the cationic radius versus the valence characterised by a distinct boundary between inhibitors and promoters of the phase transformation. Further, the likely effects of dopant elements, including those for which experimental data are unavailable, on the phase transformation are deduced and presented on the basis of this analysis.
2,570 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the current approaches for the heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on TiO2 and other metal oxide, oxynitride, sulfide, and phosphide semiconductors.
Abstract: Rising atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves raise serious concerns about the ensuing effects on the global climate and future energy supply. Utilizing the abundant solar energy to convert CO2 into fuels such as methane or methanol could address both problems simultaneously as well as provide a convenient means of energy storage. In this Review, current approaches for the heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on TiO2 and other metal oxide, oxynitride, sulfide, and phosphide semiconductors are presented. Research in this field is focused primarily on the development of novel nanostructured photocatalytic materials and on the investigation of the mechanism of the process, from light absorption through charge separation and transport to CO2 reduction pathways. The measures used to quantify the efficiency of the process are also discussed in detail.
2,273 citations
TL;DR: Generations Yi Ma,† Xiuli Wang,† Yushuai Jia,† Xiaobo Chen,‡ Hongxian Han,*,† and Can Li*,†
Abstract: Generations Yi Ma,† Xiuli Wang,† Yushuai Jia,† Xiaobo Chen,‡ Hongxian Han,*,† and Can Li*,† †State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China ‡Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, United States
1,990 citations
TL;DR: The field of surface science provides a unique approach to understand bulk, surface and interfacial phenomena occurring during TiO2 photocatalysis as mentioned in this paper, including photon absorption, charge transport and trapping, electron transfer dynamics, adsorbed state, mechanisms, poisons and promoters, and phase and form.
1,768 citations
References
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TL;DR: The slow pace of hazardous waste remediation at military installations around the world is causing a serious delay in conversion of many of these facilities to civilian uses as discussed by the authors, which is a serious problem.
Abstract: The civilian, commercial, and defense sectors of most advanced industrialized nations are faced with a tremendous set of environmental problems related to the remediation of hazardous wastes, contaminated groundwaters, and the control of toxic air contaminants. For example, the slow pace of hazardous waste remediation at military installations around the world is causing a serious delay in conversion of many of these facilities to civilian uses. Over the last 10 years problems related to hazardous waste remediation have emerged as a high national and international priority.
17,188 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the photodriven conversion of liquid water to gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, a process similar to that of biological photosynthesis, using sunlight to drive a thermodynamically uphill reaction of an abundant material to produce fuel.
Abstract: The maintenance of life on earth, our food, oxygen, and fossil fuels depend upon the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy by biological photosynthesis carried out by green plants and photosynthetic bacteria. In this process sunlight and available abundant raw materials (water, carbon dioxide) are converted to oxygen and the reduced organic species that serve as food and fuel. A long-standing challenge has been the development of a practical artificial photosynthetic system that can roughly mimic the biological one, not by duplicating the self-organization and reproduction of the biological system nor the aesthetic beauty of trees and plants, but rather by being able to use sunlight to drive a thermodynamically uphill reaction of an abundant materials to produce a fuel. In this Account we focus on “water splitting”, the photodriven conversion of liquid water to gaseous hydrogen and oxygen:
2,377 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the structure and the morphology of a titanium dioxide photocatalyst (Degussa P25) reveals multiphasic material consisting of an amorphous state, together with the crystalline phases anatase and rutile in the approximate proportions 80 20.
1,001 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a method for the extraction of the structure of the LPI-ARTICLE-1985-033 (LPIARTICLE 1985-033) from the Web of Science Record.
Abstract: Reference LPI-ARTICLE-1985-033doi:10.1021/ja00312a043View record in Web of Science Record created on 2006-02-21, modified on 2017-05-12
611 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the photocatalytic decomposition of pure water over ZrO[sub 2] powder without any loaded metals under UV irradiation can be achieved without the use of any loaded metal.
Abstract: It was found for the first time that the photocatalytic decomposition of pure water proceeded over ZrO[sub 2] powder without any loaded metals under UV irradiation. The rate of H[sub 2] and O[sub 2] evolution increased upon addition of Na[sub 2]CO[sub 3] and NaHCO[sub 3]. Moreover, the evolution of CO (the photocatalytic reduction product of CO[sub 2]) was observed from NaHCO[sub 3] solutions. The special characteristics of ZrO[sub 2] semiconductor are believed to be associated with its highly negative flat-band potential and wide bandgap. In the case of Cu(1 wt %)-ZrO[sub 2] catalyst suspended in NaHCO[sub 3] aqueous solution, the rates of gas evolutions were 19.5 [mu]mol/h of H[sub 2], 10.8 [mu]mol/h of O[sub 2], and 2.5 [mu]mol/h of CO. These mass balances were indicative of a stoichiometric and catalytic reaction. 26 refs., 1 tab.
461 citations