Journal Article•
Motivation, success, and problems of entrepreneurs in venezuela
TL;DR: This article examined motivations of entrepreneurs in Venezuela, problems they face, and success factors and found that the desire of Venezuela based entrepreneurs to be one's own boss and to increase one's income are important motivators.
Abstract: This study examines motivations of entrepreneurs in Venezuela, problems they face, and success factors. Results indicate that the desires of Venezuela based entrepreneurs to be one's own boss and to increase one's income are important motivators. Competition, a weak economy, and foreign exchange limitations are problems, while good general management skills, appropriate training, accurate record keeping, and political involvement are success factors. This paper examines multiple dimensions of entrepreneurs in a single context and so provides an integrated analysis. This paper also expands our understanding of Venezuela based entrepreneurs and contributes to the understanding of entrepreneurs around the globe.
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Book•
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to solve the problem of "labeling" for the purpose of improving the quality of the labels of the products of a company's products.
Abstract: 第１章 ＧＥＭ調査の概要（分析の枠組み；調査方法；起業活動の定義；起業活動率；起業活動と経済成長；起業の計画と失敗） 第２章 起業家と事業特性（起業家の背景；起業家の能力；事業特性；起業家教育） 第３章 起業の環境（社会的資源；起業家に対する評価；経済危機の影響；起業活動の投資環境） 第４章 専門家調査（資金調達；政府の方針；支援プログラム；教育システム；技術移転；コマーシャル・サービス；起業文化；事業機会；経営能力；起業家に対する評価；女性への支援；急成長への注目；イノベーションへの関心；調査結果） 第５章 政策への提
1,062 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the lived experience of female entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan to understand their motivations and challenges in light of the limited research availability on female entrepreneurship in a transitional and patriarchal context.
Abstract: This study explores the lived experience of female entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan to understand their motivations and challenges in light of the limited research availability on female entrepreneurship in a transitional and patriarchal context. Analysis from 25 in-depth interviews with female Kazakhstani entrepreneurs advances institutional theory by developing two frameworks of female entrepreneurial motivations and challenges. The findings stress the importance of institutional settings in shaping the women's entrepreneurial experiences. They also highlight the significance of regulatory, normative and cognitive dimensions of institutional theory that either enable or hinder women to open and operate their own businesses. Furthermore, the results also reveal the government's excessive interference in women's business operations and patriarchal expectations of Kazakhstani society that constraints women from freely engaging in entrepreneurship.
39 citations
Cites background or result from "Motivation, success, and problems o..."
...It has been agreed that women still face more difficulties and pressures when opening and operating their businesses (Aidis, Estrin, and Mickiewiez 2008; Jennings and Brush 2013; Zimmerman and Chu 2013)....
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...For example, the research focusing on female entrepreneurship in Venezuela discovered that women were almost solely pulled by motivations, such as the desire to be one’s boss and the desire for an increased income (Zimmerman and Chu 2013)....
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...The normative and cognitive motivations seem to be similar to those presented in previous studies (e.g., Ismail, Shamsudin, and Chowdhury 2012; Zimmerman and Chu 2013)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the motivations and key challenges women entrepreneurs experience in running small businesses in the Jaipur city of Rajasthan and find that pull factors including the urge for creativity, innovation, self-identity and independence are the main motivations for female entrepreneurs to start their venture.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the motivations and key challenges women entrepreneurs experience in running small businesses in the Jaipur city of Rajasthan.,A purposive sample of 13 women entrepreneurs from a cross-section of enterprises is selected. A qualitative methodology based upon semi-structured, in-depth, exploratory interviews with female entrepreneurs is used which enables the respondents to give voice to their individual experiences.,The study reveals that pull factors including the urge for creativity, innovation, self-identity and independence, and to serve the society are the main motivations for female entrepreneurs to start their venture. From the institutional theory perspective, the challenges of female entrepreneurs originate mainly from informal institutions. A significant challenge is that their ability as a professional entrepreneur is not recognized and acknowledged by the society. Furthermore, the cultural norms reflected in the gender-specific role distribution result in the problem of work–life balance. The challenges emerging from the formal institutions do not appear to be pervasive and gender specific.,The unique contribution of the study is to provide evidences on the motivations and challenges of women entrepreneurs in Rajasthan based on qualitative data derived from in-depth interviews. Furthermore, the study is the first attempt to view the motivations and challenges of female entrepreneurs from an institutional perspective for India in general and Rajasthan in particular.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a causal model of the formation of the entrepreneurial intention among young adults in Spain and Poland was designed using the Structural Equation Modeling (PLS) methodology, which showed that subjective variables (beliefs, social norms, values) initiate the chain of effects that influence the action variables (motivation, self-efficacy, intention).
Abstract: Entrepreneurial intentions determine to a large extent the entrepreneurial behavior; therefore, the study of those intentions and the factors that influence them constitute a valid research area. The purpose of this regional comparative study was to design a new causal model of the formation of the entrepreneurial intention among young adults in Spain and Poland. Using the Structural Equation Modeling (PLS) methodology, the results show that subjective variables (beliefs, social norms, values) initiate the chain of effects that influence the action variables (motivation, self-efficacy, intention). Attitude is the nexus variable between both groups of variables. It is verified that there are no significant differences in the responses to the items or in the causal relationships of the model between both countries. This confirms the relevance of a homogenizing generational approach at a global level that allows the application of policies to promote the entrepreneurial intention for the entire segment. The proposed model takes into account and complements the previous designs, and is practical because it can be used at different levels of the education sector and by institutions promoting entrepreneurship and sustainability.
34 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the entrepreneurial motivation, which defines both psychological variable and external environment, by measuring business performance level in Suci clothing center, Bandung, Indonesia.
Abstract: There is a gap in entrepreneurial motivation between psychological and external environment approach. In order to assess the relative importance of that gap, this study examined the entrepreneurial motivation, which defines both psychological variable and external environment, by measuring business performance level in Suci clothing center, Bandung. This study is valuable considering the limited number of empirical works previously done on the topic in question. Research method being used was multiple regression analysis. Purposive sampling was performed to 94 respondents which are owners of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Suci clothing center, Bandung. The findings of this research show that entrepreneurial motivation potential simultaneously and partially have a significant influence to SMEs’ business performance and the most dominant influential effect is self-efficacy while achievement has the least dominant influential effect.
31 citations
Cites background or result from "Motivation, success, and problems o..."
...Furthermore, this study supports the previous study by Zimmerman and Chu (2013) which found that external environment such as situations and policy are important factors to increase successful entrepreneurs in Venezuela....
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...A recent research found that entrepreneurial environment has some impacts toward entrepreneurial motivation (Taormina & Lao, 2007; Yushuai et al., 2014) and entrepreneurs’ success (Zimmerman & Chu, 2013)....
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...Furthermore, this study supports the previous study by Zimmerman and Chu (2013) which found that external environment such as situations and policy are important...
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...Thus, the factors related to entrepreneurs success include psychological traits, social networks, and environment conditions (Benzing, Chu, & Kara, 2009; Rahman & Rahman, 2011; Stefanovic, Prokic, & Rankovic, 2010; Zimmerman & Jiang, 2009; Zimmerman & Chu 2013)....
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References
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TL;DR: Putnam as discussed by the authors showed that crucial factors such as social trust are eroding rapidly in the United States and offered some possible explanations for this erosion and concluded that the work needed to consider these possibilities more fully.
Abstract: After briefly explaining why social capital (civil society) is important to democracy, Putnam devotes the bulk of this chapter to demonstrating social capital’s decline in the United States across the last quarter century. (See Putnam 1995 for a similar but more detailed argument.) While he acknowledges that the significance of a few countertrends is difficult to assess without further study, Putnam concludes that crucial factors such as social trust are eroding rapidly in the United States. He offers some possible explanations for this erosion and concludes by outlining the work needed to consider these possibilities more fully.
11,187 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize these previously fragmented literatures around a more general "upper echelons perspective" and claim that organizational outcomes (strategic choices and performance levels) are partially predicted by managerial background characteristics.
Abstract: Theorists in various fields have discussed characteristics of top managers. This paper attempts to synthesize these previously fragmented literatures around a more general “upper echelons perspective.” The theory states that organizational outcomes—strategic choices and performance levels—are partially predicted by managerial background characteristics. Propositions and methodological suggestions are included.
11,022 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The Johns Hopkins University Press is committed to respecting the needs of scholars as discussed by the authors, and return of that respect is requested. But no copies of the below work may be distributed electronically, in whole or in part, outside of their campus network without express permission (permissions@muse.jhu.edu).
Abstract: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/DETOC/assoc/bowling.html 5/28/2012 Copyright © 1995 The National Endowment for Democracy and The Johns Hopkins University Press. Registered users of a subscribed campus network may download, archive, and print as many copies of this work as desired for use within the subscribed institution as long as this header is not removed -no copies of the below work may be distributed electronically, in whole or in part, outside of your campus network without express permission (permissions@muse.jhu.edu). Contact your institution's library to discuss your rights and responsibilities within Project Muse, or send email to copyright@muse.jhu.edu. The Johns Hopkins University Press is committed to respecting the needs of scholars -return of that respect is requested.
10,462 citations
"Motivation, success, and problems o..." refers background in this paper
...Social capital, often thought of as social networks, is a set of social resources embedded in relationships (Burt, 1992; Tsai & Ghoshal, 1998) and is derived not only from networks, but also from norms of and relationships in the social structure in which a person operates (Putnam, 1995)....
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Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss points of convergence and disagreement with institutionally oriented research in economics and political science, and locate the "institutional" approach in relation to major developments in contemporary sociological theory.
Abstract: Long a fruitful area of scrutiny for students of organizations, the study of institutions is undergoing a renaissance in contemporary social science. This volume offers, for the first time, both often-cited foundation works and the latest writings of scholars associated with the "institutional" approach to organization analysis. In their introduction, the editors discuss points of convergence and disagreement with institutionally oriented research in economics and political science, and locate the "institutional" approach in relation to major developments in contemporary sociological theory. Several chapters consolidate the theoretical advances of the past decade, identify and clarify the paradigm's key ambiguities, and push the theoretical agenda in novel ways by developing sophisticated arguments about the linkage between institutional patterns and forms of social structure. The empirical studies that follow—involving such diverse topics as mental health clinics, art museums, large corporations, civil-service systems, and national polities—illustrate the explanatory power of institutional theory in the analysis of organizational change. Required reading for anyone interested in the sociology of organizations, the volume should appeal to scholars concerned with culture, political institutions, and social change.
8,449 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss points of convergence and disagreement with institutionally oriented research in economics and political science, and locate the "institutional" approach in relation to major developments in contemporary sociological theory.
Abstract: Long a fruitful area of scrutiny for students of organizations, the study of institutions is undergoing a renaissance in contemporary social science This volume offers, for the first time, both often-cited foundation works and the latest writings of scholars associated with the "institutional" approach to organization analysis In their introduction, the editors discuss points of convergence and disagreement with institutionally oriented research in economics and political science, and locate the "institutional" approach in relation to major developments in contemporary sociological theory Several chapters consolidate the theoretical advances of the past decade, identify and clarify the paradigm's key ambiguities, and push the theoretical agenda in novel ways by developing sophisticated arguments about the linkage between institutional patterns and forms of social structure The empirical studies that follow--involving such diverse topics as mental health clinics, art museums, large corporations, civil-service systems, and national polities--illustrate the explanatory power of institutional theory in the analysis of organizational change Required reading for anyone interested in the sociology of organizations, the volume should appeal to scholars concerned with culture, political institutions, and social change
7,925 citations