Motor coordination as predictor of physical activity in childhood
01 Oct 2011-Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports (Wiley)-Vol. 21, Iss: 5, pp 663-669
TL;DR: MC is an important predictor of PA in children 6–10 years of age, and the general trend for a decrease in PA level across years was attenuated or amplified depending on initial level of MC.
Abstract: This study considers relationships among motor coordination (MC), physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) in children followed longitudinally from 6 to 10 years. It is hypothesized that MC is a significant and primary predictor of PA in children. Subjects were 142 girls and 143 boys. Height, weight and skinfolds; PA (Godin-Shephard questionnaire); MC (Korperkoordination Test fur Kinder); and PF (five fitness items) were measured. Hierarchical linear modeling with MC and PF as predictors of PA was used. The retained model indicated that PA at baseline differed significantly between boys (48.3 MET/week) and girls (40.0 MET/week). The interaction of MC and 1 mile run/walk had a positive influence on level of PA. The general trend for a decrease in PA level across years was attenuated or amplified depending on initial level of MC. The estimated rate of decline in PA was negligible for children with higher levels of MC at 6 years, but was augmented by 2.58 and 2.47 units each year, respectively, for children with low and average levels of initial MC. In conclusion MC is an important predictor of PA in children 6-10 years of age.
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TL;DR: Evidence indicates that motor competence is positively associated with perceived competence and multiple aspects of health, but questions related to the increased strength of associations across time and antecedent/consequent mechanisms remain.
Abstract: In 2008, Stodden and colleagues took a unique developmental approach toward addressing the potential role of motor competence in promoting positive or negative trajectories of physical activity, health-related fitness, and weight status. The conceptual model proposed synergistic relationships among physical activity, motor competence, perceived motor competence, health-related physical fitness, and obesity with associations hypothesized to strengthen over time. At the time the model was proposed, limited evidence was available to support or refute the model hypotheses. Over the past 6 years, the number of investigations exploring these relationships has increased significantly. Thus, it is an appropriate time to examine published data that directly or indirectly relate to specific pathways noted in the conceptual model. Evidence indicates that motor competence is positively associated with perceived competence and multiple aspects of health (i.e., physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and a healthy weight status). However, questions related to the increased strength of associations across time and antecedent/consequent mechanisms remain. An individual’s physical and psychological development is a complex and multifaceted process that synergistically evolves across time. Understanding the most salient factors that influence health and well-being and how relationships among these factors change across time is a critical need for future research in this area. This knowledge could aid in addressing the declining levels of physical activity and fitness along with the increasing rates of obesity across childhood and adolescence.
759 citations
Book•
30 Nov 2013
TL;DR: The Effectiveness of Physical Activity and Physical Education Policies and Programs: Summary of the Evidence and Recommendations are presented.
Abstract: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic.The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed.This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
712 citations
TL;DR: This systematic review is the first that has investigated correlates of gross motor competence in children and adolescents and suggests that evidence for some correlates differs according to how motor competence is operationalized.
Abstract: Background
Gross motor competence confers health benefits, but levels in children and adolescents are low. While interventions can improve gross motor competence, it remains unclear which correlates should be targeted to ensure interventions are most effective, and for whom targeted and tailored interventions should be developed.
418 citations
Cites background from "Motor coordination as predictor of ..."
...For instance, higher gross motor competence attenuates the decline in PA levels throughout childhood [13], and motor competency in childhood is associated with higher levels of PA and fitness in adolescence [14, 15]....
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Cardiff Metropolitan University1, The College of New Jersey2, East Tennessee State University3, University of New South Wales4, Louisiana State University in Shreveport5, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center6, Temple University7, University of Salford8, Philippines National Collegiate Athletic Association9, Harvard University10, University of Connecticut11, University of Pennsylvania12, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions13, Ohio State University14
TL;DR: The current manuscript has been adapted from the official position statement of the UK Strength and Conditioning Association on youth resistance training and has been reviewed and endorsed by leading professional organisations within the fields of sports medicine, exercise science and paediatrics.
Abstract: The current manuscript has been adapted from the official position statement of the UK Strength and Conditioning Association on youth resistance training. It has subsequently been reviewed and endorsed by leading professional organisations within the fields of sports medicine, exercise science and paediatrics. The authorship team for this article was selected from the fields of paediatric exercise science, paediatric medicine, physical education, strength and conditioning and sports medicine.
373 citations
TL;DR: School- and community-based programs that include developmentally appropriate FMS learning experiences delivered by physical education specialists or highly trained classroom teachers significantly improve FMS proficiency in youth.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency is positively associated with physical activity and fitness levels. The objective of this study was to systematically review evidence for the benefits of FMS interventions targeting youth. METHODS: A search with no date restrictions was conducted across 7 databases. Studies included any school-, home-, or community-based intervention for typically developing youth with clear intent to improve FMS proficiency and that reported statistical analysis of FMS competence at both preintervention and at least 1 other postintervention time point. Study designs included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using experimental and quasi-experimental designs and single group pre-post trials. Risk of bias was independently assessed by 2 reviewers. RESULTS: Twenty-two articles (6 RCTs, 13 quasi-experimental trials, 3 pre-post trials) describing 19 interventions were included. All but 1 intervention were evaluated in primary/elementary schools. All studies reported significant intervention effects for ≥1 FMS. Meta-analyses revealed large effect sizes for overall gross motor proficiency (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–2.16, Z = 3.77, P Z = 3.25, P = .001). A medium effect size for object control skill competency was observed (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI 0.28–0.98, Z = 3.53, P = .0004). Many studies scored poorly for risk of bias items. CONCLUSIONS: School- and community-based programs that include developmentally appropriate FMS learning experiences delivered by physical education specialists or highly trained classroom teachers significantly improve FMS proficiency in youth.
298 citations
References
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01 Jul 2009-Epidemiologia E Psichiatria Sociale-an International Journal for Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
TL;DR: The Consolidated Statement of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) provides readers of RCTs with a list of criteria useful to assess trial validity (for full details visit www.consortstatement.org).
Abstract: Method Fifty-seven parents randomised to I0 weeks ofex~erimental Habilitation programmes for intellectual disability are primitive in developing countries (Heron & Myers, 1983). Resources to develop specialist care are scarce in these nations. One compensatory option for this deficit is to facilitate the primary care-giver to take on the role of therapist (McLoughlin, 1992), because parents are the focus of intervention (Myreddi, 1992). Parental attitude influences the development and training of the developmentally disabled child (Beckett-Edwards, 1994) and is a dynamic adaptational process subject to change (Gallimore et al, 1993). Changes in and control therapy were assessed using parental attitude occur with intervention the Parental Attitude Scale towards the (Bruiner & Beck, 1984; Sameroff & Managementof Intellectual DisabilityThe 1990). Interventions with parents are varpreand post-intervention measurements ied (Girimaii, 19931, including a model were done by a single-blinded rater and with an O ~ ~ O r m n i t y raise questions and discuss problems over a period of time (Stecompared. phens & Wyatt, 1969; Cunningham et al, Results The intervention group had a 1993). This randomised-controlled ma1 evalustatistically significant increase in the ates the efficacy of Interactive Group outcome scores and clinical improvement psychoeducation (IGP) in changing attiin the total parental attitude score, tudes towards children with intellectual orientation towards child-rearing, disability.
4,388 citations
TL;DR: School-age youth should participate daily in 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity that is developmentally appropriate, enjoyable, and involves a variety of activities.
3,686 citations
01 Sep 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the reliability and concurrent validity of a simple questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity has been investigated on 306 self-selected healthy adults of both sexes (163 M; 143 F).
Abstract: The reliability and concurrent validity of a simple questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity has been investigated on 306 self-selected healthy adults of both sexes (163 M; 143 F). Values of body fat (BF) and maximum oxygen intake (VO2 max) expressed as percentiles of appropriate age and sex categories were used as criteria of validity for the questionnaire. BF and VO2 max were predicted from the Durnin and Womersley skinfold equations, and the laboratory version of the Canadian Home Fitness Test respectively. The strongest correlation was between VO2 max (percentile) and reported strenuous exercise (r = 0.35). The optimum discriminant function for VO2 max was based on a combination of reported strenuous and light activity. This yielded a correct 2-way classification of 69% of the subjects. A combination of sweat-inducing and moderate exercise yielded a correct 2-way classification of BF for 66% of subjects. The reliability coefficients for the optimum discriminant functions classifying VO2 max and BF were 0.83 and 0.85 respectively. We conclude that this simple instrument has potential value for the assessment of leisure time exercise behavior, offering the possibility of examining changes in behavior following the implementation of health and physical fitness promotion programmes in the community.
3,384 citations