MPPT techniques for photovoltaic applications
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess different MPPT techniques, provide background knowledge, implementation topology, grid interconnection of PV and solar microinverter requirements presented in the literature, doing depth comparisons between them with a brief discussion.
Abstract: The photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the renewable energies that attract the attention of researchers in the recent decades. The PV generators exhibit nonlinear I–V and P–V characteristics. The maximum power produced varies with both irradiance and temperature. Since the conversion efficiency of PV arrays is very low, it requires maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control techniques. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is the automatic control algorithm to adjust the power interfaces and achieve the greatest possible power harvest, during moment to moment variations of light level, shading, temperature, and photovoltaic module characteristics. The purpose of the MPPT is to adjust the solar operating voltage close to the MPP under changing atmospheric conditions. It has become an essential component to evaluate the design performance of PV power systems. This investigation aims to assess different MPPT techniques, provide background knowledge, implementation topology, grid interconnection of PV and solar microinverter requirements presented in the literature, doing depth comparisons between them with a brief discussion. The MPPT merits, demerits and classification, which can be used as a reference for future research related to optimizing the solar power generation, are also discussed. Conventional methods are easy to implement but they suffer from oscillations at MPP and tracking speed is less due to fixed perturb step. Intelligent methods are efficient; oscillations are lesser at MPP in steady state and tracked quickly in comparison to conventional methods.
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TL;DR: An attempt has been made to review the applications of fuzzy logic based models in renewable energy systems namely solar, wind, bio-energy, micro-grid and hybrid applications and indicates that fuzzy based models provide realistic estimates.
Abstract: In recent years, with the advent of globalization, the world is witnessing a steep rise in its energy consumption. The world is transforming itself into an industrial and knowledge society from an agricultural one which in turn makes the growth, energy intensive resulting in emissions. Energy modeling and energy planning is vital for the future economic prosperity and environmental security. Soft computing techniques such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms are being adopted in energy modeling to precisely map the energy systems. In this paper, an attempt has been made to review the applications of fuzzy logic based models in renewable energy systems namely solar, wind, bio-energy, micro-grid and hybrid applications. It is found that fuzzy based models are extensively used in recent years for site assessment, for installing of photovoltaic/wind farms, power point tracking in solar photovoltaic/wind, optimization among conflicting criteria. The review indicates that fuzzy based models provide realistic estimates.
411 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a state of the art review on various maximum power point techniques for solar PV systems covering timeworn conventional methods and latest soft computing algorithms is presented to date critical analysis on each of the method in terms of tracking speed, algorithm complexity, dynamic tracking under partial shading and hardware implementation is not been carried out.
Abstract: In recent years solar energy has received worldwide attention in the field of renewable energy systems Among the various research thrusts in solar PV, the most proverbial area is extracting maximum power from solar PV system Application dof Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for extracting maximum power is very much appreciated and holds the key in developing efficient solar PV system In this paper, a state of the art review on various maximum power point techniques for solar PV systems covering timeworn conventional methods and latest soft computing algorithms is presented To date critical analysis on each of the method in terms of (1) tracking speed, (2) algorithm complexity, (3) Dynamic tracking under partial shading and (4) hardware implementation is not been carried out In this regard the authors have attempted to compile a comprehensive review on various solar PV MPPT techniques based on the above criteria Further, it is envisaged that the information presented in this review paper will be a valuable gathering of information for practicing engineers as well as for new researchers
358 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a state-of-the-art analysis of the available maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques and their comprehensive comparative analysis based on 110 standard research articles is presented.
Abstract: Unfilled gap of prolonged energy demand by conventional energy sources and consent of global warming as its vulnerable outcome provides a vent to search compatible option. Augmentation in use of solar energy reveled through last 3 decades portrays its heterogeneous rewards in the prevailing energy scenario. Nevertheless solar PV system arises as viable option in the critical power system era its low efficiency energy conversion attribute necessitates an efficient power conversion system. The nonlinearity of I–V (current–voltage) characteristic and its alteration for an assorted insolation and temperature values may enable the alteration in terminal voltage. This may deviates maximum power point due to which the available maximum power delivery to load can be differed. Literature of this field reiterated that the uniform insolation and partial shading condition demands undeniable need of maximum power point tracking. Nonetheless through investigation in this direction furnishes the availability of a bunch of such techniques; each of them posses its own pros and cones. This ubiquitous trait of available maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques unfolds the complexity in its precise selection. To diminish such complexity this paper offers a state of art of various MPPT technique and their comprehensive comparative analysis based on 110 standard research articles. The focus of this paper is to offer a better commencement and to furnish valued information for investigators of this field.
325 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the performance and reliability of various methods for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in PV-based power systems, including their limitations and advantages.
Abstract: Given the considerable recent attention to distributed power generation and interest in sustainable energy, the integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems to grid-connected or isolated microgrids has become widespread. In order to maximize power output of PV system extensive research into control strategies for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods has been conducted. According to the robust, reliable, and fast performance of artificial intelligence-based MPPT methods, these approaches have been applied recently to various systems under different conditions. Given the diversity of recent advances to MPPT approaches a review focusing on the performance and reliability of these methods under diverse conditions is required. This paper reviews AI-based techniques proven to be effective and feasible to implement and very common in literature for MPPT, including their limitations and advantages. In order to support researchers in application of the reviewed techniques this study is not limited to reviewing the performance of recently adopted methods, rather discusses the background theory, application to MPPT systems, and important references relating to each method. It is envisioned that this review can be a valuable resource for researchers and engineers working with PV-based power systems to be able to access the basic theory behind each method, select the appropriate method according to project requirements, and implement MPPT systems to fulfill project objectives.
252 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review on various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms based on Perturb and Observe, Incremental Conductance, Soft Computing and other techniques along with the real-time hardware implementation of photovoltaic (PV) system is provided.
Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive review on various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms based on Perturb and Observe, Incremental Conductance, Soft Computing and other techniques along with the real time hardware implementation of photovoltaic (PV) system. In this review, the complete procedure, the implementation methodology and their effects in the PV output were discussed in detail for each algorithm. Further, MPPT algorithms for PV systems with partial shading condition were reviewed and reported. This paper is intended to serve as a suitable reference for future work in PV based power generation and its related research.
244 citations
References
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26 Jul 1989
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a simulation of power switch-mode converters for zero-voltage and/or zero-current switchings in power electronic converters and systems.
Abstract: Partial table of contents: Overview of Power Semiconductor Switches Computer Simulation of Power Electronic Converters and Systems GENERIC POWER ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS dc--dc Switch-Mode Converters Resonant Converters: Zero-Voltage and/or Zero-Current Switchings POWER SUPPLY APPLICATIONS Power Conditioners and Uninterruptible Power Supplies MOTOR DRIVE APPLICATIONS dc Motor Drives Induction Motor Drives Synchronous Motor Drives OTHER APPLICATIONS Residential and Industrial Applications Optimizing the Utility Interface with Power Electronic Systems SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES Basic Semiconductor Physics Power Diodes Power MOSFETs Thyristors Emerging Devices and Circuits PRACTICAL CONVERTER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Snubber Circuits Gate and Base Drive Circuits Design of Magnetic Components Index
5,911 citations
Additional excerpts
...The dc link capacitor Cdc is calculated as a function of the desired hold-up time [64]:...
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TL;DR: The many different techniques for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are discussed in this paper, and at least 19 distinct methods have been introduced in the literature, with many variations on implementation.
Abstract: The many different techniques for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are discussed. The techniques are taken from the literature dating back to the earliest methods. It is shown that at least 19 distinct methods have been introduced in the literature, with many variations on implementation. This paper should serve as a convenient reference for future work in PV power generation.
5,022 citations
Additional excerpts
...] [44]....
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...The characteristics of a PV array also change with time, implying that the neural network has to be periodically trained to guarantee accurate MPPT [44]....
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...Major characteristics of different MPPT techniques [44,104]....
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...Summary of hill climbing and P&O algorithm [44]....
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...Example of neural network [44]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the perturb and observe (PO) algorithm is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the PV array output power by tracking continuously the maximum power point (MPP) which depends on panels temperature and on irradiance conditions.
Abstract: Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the PV array output power by tracking continuously the maximum power point (MPP) which depends on panels temperature and on irradiance conditions. The issue of MPPT has been addressed in different ways in the literature but, especially for low-cost implementations, the perturb and observe (PO moreover, it is well known that the P&O algorithm can be confused during those time intervals characterized by rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. In this paper it is shown that, in order to limit the negative effects associated to the above drawbacks, the P&O MPPT parameters must be customized to the dynamic behavior of the specific converter adopted. A theoretical analysis allowing the optimal choice of such parameters is also carried out. Results of experimental measurements are in agreement with the predictions of theoretical analysis.
2,696 citations
Additional excerpts
...(iii) Hill climbing/perturb and observe There are several authors focus their work on hill climbing [20–25], while others focus on perturb and observe (P&O) [26–36] methods....
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...Femia et al [33], have been optimized the sampling, while in [35], simply a high sampling rate is used....
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...A solution to this conflicting situation is to have a variable perturbation size that gets smaller towards the MPP as shown in [25,29,32,33]....
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01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an incremental conductance (IncCond) algorithm to track the maximum power operating point (MPOP) of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems.
Abstract: As the maximum power operating point (MPOP) of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems changes with changing atmospheric conditions (e.g. solar radiation and temperature), an important consideration in the design of efficient PV systems is to track the MPOP correctly. Many maximum power tracking (MPT) techniques have been considered in the past but techniques using microprocessors with appropriate MPT algorithms are favoured because of their flexibility and compatibility with different PV arrays. Although the efficiency of these MPT algorithms is usually high, it drops noticeably in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. The authors have developed a new MPT algorithm based on the fact that the MPOP of a PV generator can be tracked accurately by comparing the incremental and instantaneous conductances of the PV array. The work was carried out by both simulation and experiment, with results showing that the developed incremental conductance (IncCond) algorithm has successfully tracked the MPOP, even in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, and has higher efficiency than ordinary algorithms in terms of total PV energy transferred to the load.
1,732 citations
Additional excerpts
...These relationships [47] are summarized in the following equations:...
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TL;DR: In this article, the photovoltaic technology, its power generating capability, the different existing light absorbing materials used, its environmental aspect coupled with a variety of its applications have been discussed.
Abstract: Global environmental concerns and the escalating demand for energy, coupled with steady progress in renewable energy technologies, are opening up new opportunities for utilization of renewable energy resources. Solar energy is the most abundant, inexhaustible and clean of all the renewable energy resources till date. The power from sun intercepted by the earth is about 1.8 × 1011 MW, which is many times larger than the present rate of all the energy consumption. Photovoltaic technology is one of the finest ways to harness the solar power. This paper reviews the photovoltaic technology, its power generating capability, the different existing light absorbing materials used, its environmental aspect coupled with a variety of its applications. The different existing performance and reliability evaluation models, sizing and control, grid connection and distribution have also been discussed. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
1,524 citations