Multi-apartment residential microgrid with electrical and thermal storage devices: Experimental analysis and simulation of energy management strategies
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the operational results of a real life residential microgrid which includes six apartments, a 20kWp photovoltaic plant, a solar based thermal energy plant, and a geothermal heat pump, in the form of a 1300l water tank and two 5.8kWh batteries supplying, each, a couple of apartments.
About: This article is published in Applied Energy.The article was published on 2015-01-01. It has received 187 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Renewable thermal energy & Energy recovery.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review different approaches, technologies, and strategies to manage large-scale schemes of variable renewable electricity such as solar and wind power, considering both supply and demand side measures.
Abstract: The paper reviews different approaches, technologies, and strategies to manage large-scale schemes of variable renewable electricity such as solar and wind power. We consider both supply and demand side measures. In addition to presenting energy system flexibility measures, their importance to renewable electricity is discussed. The flexibility measures available range from traditional ones such as grid extension or pumped hydro storage to more advanced strategies such as demand side management and demand side linked approaches, e.g. the use of electric vehicles for storing excess electricity, but also providing grid support services. Advanced batteries may offer new solutions in the future, though the high costs associated with batteries may restrict their use to smaller scale applications. Different “P2Y”-type of strategies, where P stands for surplus renewable power and Y for the energy form or energy service to which this excess in converted to, e.g. thermal energy, hydrogen, gas or mobility are receiving much attention as potential flexibility solutions, making use of the energy system as a whole. To “functionalize” or to assess the value of the various energy system flexibility measures, these need often be put into an electricity/energy market or utility service context. Summarizing, the outlook for managing large amounts of RE power in terms of options available seems to be promising.
1,180 citations
TL;DR: A comparative and critical analysis on decision making strategies and their solution methods for microgrid energy management systems are presented and various uncertainty quantification methods are summarized.
617 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a control algorithm for joint demand response management and thermal comfort optimization in micro-grids equipped with renewable energy sources and energy storage units is presented, where the objective is to minimize the aggregate energy cost and thermal discomfort of the microgrid.
276 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of existing optimization objectives, constraints, solution approaches and tools used in microgrid energy management is presented, which can provide a foundation to embark on an in depth study in the area of energy management for smart microgrid network.
Abstract: Microgrid equipped with heterogenous energy resources and a bank of energy storage devices presents the idea of small scale distributed energy management (DEM). DEM facilitates the minimization of the transmission and operation costs, peak load and environmental pollution. Microgrid also enables active customer participation by giving them the access to the real time information and control. The capability of fast restoration against physical/cyber attack, integration of renewable energy resources and information and communication technologies (ICT) make microgrid as an ideal candidate for distributed power systems. The energy management system of microgrid can perform real time energy forecasting of renewable resources, energy storage elements and controllable loads in making proper short term scheduling to minimize total operating costs. Cost benefit analysis of microgrid reveals that cooperation among different microgrids can play an important role in the reduction of import energy cost from the utility grid. Cooperation among microgrids in smart microgrid network (SMN) brings the energy sharing and management issues. In this paper we present a review of existing optimization objectives, constraints, solution approaches and tools used in microgrid energy management. This review paper can provide a foundation to embark on an in depth study in the area of energy management for smart microgrid network.
194 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an energy management strategy for a residential microgrid comprising photovoltaic (PV) panels and a small wind turbine is proposed, which uses the battery state of charge (SOC), the power at each microgrid node as well as the load and renewable generation forecasts.
164 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the systems and processes needed to tap energy in vehicles and implement V2G and quantitatively compare today's light vehicle fleet with the electric power system.
2,022 citations
"Multi-apartment residential microgr..." refers background in this paper
...Other challenges come from the integration and connection, at local scale, between electric and thermal networks (but also electric mobility in the near future) [8–12]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a survey of demand response potentials and benefits in smart grids is presented, with reference to real industrial case studies and research projects, such as smart meters, energy controllers, communication systems, etc.
Abstract: The smart grid is conceived of as an electric grid that can deliver electricity in a controlled, smart way from points of generation to active consumers. Demand response (DR), by promoting the interaction and responsiveness of the customers, may offer a broad range of potential benefits on system operation and expansion and on market efficiency. Moreover, by improving the reliability of the power system and, in the long term, lowering peak demand, DR reduces overall plant and capital cost investments and postpones the need for network upgrades. In this paper a survey of DR potentials and benefits in smart grids is presented. Innovative enabling technologies and systems, such as smart meters, energy controllers, communication systems, decisive to facilitate the coordination of efficiency and DR in a smart grid, are described and discussed with reference to real industrial case studies and research projects.
1,901 citations
"Multi-apartment residential microgr..." refers methods in this paper
...The suitability of computational tools to monitor, control and simulate the smart grid behavior in different operating conditions and at different abstraction levels, has been extensively shown and commented in literature [30–33]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the present status of battery energy storage technology and methods of assessing their economic viability and impact on power system operation and suggest a likely future outlook for the battery technologies and the electric hybrid vehicles in the context of power system applications.
1,627 citations
"Multi-apartment residential microgr..." refers background in this paper
...It compensates for the main obstacle against renewable energy source widespread, that is the aleatory nature of renewable energy source availability [22–24]....
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TL;DR: An overview of the current and future energy storage technologies used for electric power applications is carried out in this paper, where a comparison between the various technologies is presented in terms of the most important technological characteristics of each technology.
Abstract: In today's world, there is a continuous global need for more energy which, at the same time, has to be cleaner than the energy produced from the traditional generation technologies. This need has facilitated the increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) technologies and primarily of renewable energy sources (RES). The extensive use of such energy sources in today's electricity networks can indisputably minimize the threat of global warming and climate change. However, the power output of these energy sources is not as reliable and as easy to adjust to changing demand cycles as the output from the traditional power sources. This disadvantage can only be effectively overcome by the storing of the excess power produced by DG-RES. Therefore, in order for these new sources to become completely reliable as primary sources of energy, energy storage is a crucial factor. In this work, an overview of the current and future energy storage technologies used for electric power applications is carried out. Most of the technologies are in use today while others are still under intensive research and development. A comparison between the various technologies is presented in terms of the most important technological characteristics of each technology. The comparison shows that each storage technology is different in terms of its ideal network application environment and energy storage scale. This means that in order to achieve optimum results, the unique network environment and the specifications of the storage device have to be studied thoroughly, before a decision for the ideal storage technology to be selected is taken.
1,265 citations
"Multi-apartment residential microgr..." refers background in this paper
...Power grids are going to face several challenges, such as the increasing diffusion of distributed generation technologies [1–3], many including renewable energy sources [4–7]....
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24 Jun 2009TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a potential solution for sustainable, energy-efficient power supply to cater for increasing load growth, supplying power to remote areas, generation of clean power and reduction in emission of greenhouse gases & particulates as per Kyoto protocol.
Abstract: Microgrids and Active Distribution Networks offer a potential solution for sustainable, energy-efficient power supply to cater for increasing load growth, supplying power to remote areas, generation of clean power and reduction in emission of greenhouse gases & particulates as per Kyoto protocol.
754 citations
"Multi-apartment residential microgr..." refers background in this paper
...According to [28], a microgrid is essentially an active power grid, which includes distributed generation, storage systems and multiple loads at main grid voltage level....
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...In the transition from nowadays power grid technology to the smart grid technology, microgrids play a fundamental role as small scale test bench of DSM strategies [27–29]....
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