Multi-Stage Localization for Massive MIMO 5G Systems
25 May 2020-pp 1-6
TL;DR: This paper proposes a new localization technique that reduces the complexity of the problem by minimizing the search space through multi-stage processing based on Angle of Arrival (AoA).
Abstract: Localization is a key component of 5G systems because of its obvious potentials for communication performance enhancement and emerging location-based services. In this paper, we propose a new localization technique that reduces the complexity of the problem by minimizing the search space through multi-stage processing. The localization is here based on Angle of Arrival (AoA) whose estimation involves a two-step procedure, where signals detected from different antennas are first processed to obtain a coarse user’ s AoA, followed by a fine search performed around the coarse estimate. The user’ s position is then calculated based on the estimates of the AoA and the distance to the User Equipment (UE). Our approach exploits the capability of oriented beamforming to provide accurate position estimate especially for very low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
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01 Feb 2021
TL;DR: This article first provides an overview of recent and relevant state-of-the-art survey papers on localization, and provides various foundational background concepts based on the existing localization techniques applicable to mMIMO localization systems.
Abstract: The massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) antenna systems are well known for their capability to achieve high spectral efficiency in wireless communication systems thanks to millimeter waves (mmWaves) which allow a large number of antennas to be deployed at the base stations (BSs). Aside from communication-based services, mMIMO BSs are presently being exploited for location estimation of user equipment due to their high angular resolution, low-cost implementation, and excellent performance in the indoor and clutter urban environments where line-of-sight may not be available. Although various mMIMO localization solutions have been proposed, there are still pressing issues yet to be resolved. To this end, this article first provides an overview of recent and relevant state-of-the-art survey papers on localization. Further to this, we provide various foundational background concepts based on the existing localization techniques applicable to mMIMO localization systems. Furthermore, we discuss various methods under each technique and we also identify some critical factors to be considered in a practical radio environment. Based on these techniques, we provide a comprehensive review of recent works on mMIMO localization. Finally, we suggest key research directions to be addressed in the future and also we discuss key enabling technologies that will enhance the performance of localization systems in 6G communication networks.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach for locating sectorized transmitters based only on observations of the positions and sector identifiers as reported by the cellular UEs is presented, where a sectorization model is applied over a search grid to obtain a cost matrix, which is then merged over multiple frequencies to arrive at the best base station location estimate.
4 citations
20 Jan 2023
3 citations
22 Mar 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-stage localization technique is proposed to determine the position of a target user equipment (T-UE) with harsh channel conditions through the assistance of neighboring UEs.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a multi-stage localization technique that enables to determine the position of a Target User Equipment (T-UE) with harsh channel conditions through the assistance of neighboring User Equipments (UEs). The proposed approach allows a reduced-complexity localization by minimizing the search space through multistage treatment. A neighbor discovery processing is first performed to identify the two nearest neighboring UEs among a set of UEs in the vicinity. The so selected neighbors are used as anchors (A-UE). Then, based on the signal strength, the distances separating the two A-UEs to the T-UE are determined. The distance estimates are used to plot two potential solutions of the Angle of Arrival (AoA) of T-UE. To distinguish the correct AoA estimate, oriented beamforming is performed around short arcs centered on the two AoA candidates. The user's position is then deduced based on the estimates of the AoA and the distance to the A-UEs. Our approach exploits the capabilities of neighbor discovery and oriented beamforming to provide an accurate position estimate for UEs experiencing harsh channel conditions that render direct localization at the base station difficult.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors review the RF features that can be utilized for localisation and investigate the current methods suitable for Unmanned Vehicles under two general categories: range-based and fingerprinting.
Abstract: Efficient localisation plays a vital role in many modern applications of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), which contributes to improved control, safety, power economy, etc. The ubiquitous 5G NR (New Radio) cellular network will provide new opportunities to enhance the localisation of UAVs and UGVs. In this paper, we review radio frequency (RF)-based approaches to localisation. We review the RF features that can be utilized for localisation and investigate the current methods suitable for Unmanned Vehicles under two general categories: range-based and fingerprinting. The existing state-of-the-art literature on RF-based localisation for both UAVs and UGVs is examined, and the envisioned 5G NR for localisation enhancement, and the future research direction are explored.
3 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: The book gives many numerical illustrations expressed in large collections of system performance curves, allowing the researchers or system designers to perform trade-off studies of the average bit error rate and symbol error rate.
Abstract: noncoherent communication systems, as well as a large variety of fading channel models typical of communication links often found in the real world, including single- and multichannel reception with a large variety of types. The book gives many numerical illustrations expressed in large collections of system performance curves, allowing the researchers or system designers to perform trade-off studies of the average bit error rate and symbol error rate. This book is a very good reference book for researchers and communication engineers and may also be a source for supplementary material of a graduate course on communication or signal processing. Nowadays, many new books attach a CD-ROM for more supplementary material. With the many numerical examples in this book, it appears that an attached CD-ROM would be ideal for this book. It would be even better to present the computer program in order to be interactive so that the readers can plug in their arbitrary parameters for the performance evaluation. —H. Hsu
6,469 citations
"Multi-Stage Localization for Massiv..." refers methods in this paper
...Using this model, the distribution of Ω follows a noncentral Chi-square probability density function given by [9]:...
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01 Jan 2016
726 citations
"Multi-Stage Localization for Massiv..." refers methods in this paper
...Using this model, the distribution of Ω follows a noncentral Chi-square probability density function given by [9]:...
[...]
TL;DR: A 64-channel massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver with a fully digital beamforming (DBF) architecture for fifth-generation millimeter-wave communications is presented in this paper.
Abstract: A 64-channel massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver with a fully digital beamforming (DBF) architecture for fifth-generation millimeter-wave communications is presented in this paper. The DBF-based massive MIMO transceiver is operated at 28-GHz band with a 500-MHz signal bandwidth and the time division duplex mode. The antenna elements are arranged as a 2-D array, which has 16 columns (horizontal direction) and 4 rows (vertical direction) for a better beamforming resolution in the horizontal plane. To achieve half-wavelength element spacing in the horizontal direction, a new sectorial transceiver array design with a bent substrate-integrated waveguide is proposed. The measured results show that an excellent RF performance is achieved. The system performance is tested with the over-the-air technique to verify the feasibility of the proposed DBF-based massive MIMO transceiver for high data rate millimeter-wave communications. Using the beam-tracking technique and two streams of QAM-64 signals, the proposed millimeter-wave MIMO transceiver can achieve a steady 5.3-Gb/s throughput for a single user in fast mobile environments. In the multiple-user MIMO scenario, by delivering 20 noncoherent data streams to eight four-channel user terminals, it achieves a downlink peak data rate of 50.73 Gb/s with the spectral efficiency of 101.5 b/s/Hz.
302 citations
TL;DR: This work proposes a direct localization approach in which the position of a user is localized by jointly processing the observations obtained at distributed massive MIMO base stations, and leads to improved performance results compared to previous existing methods.
Abstract: Large-scale MIMO systems are well known for their advantages in communications, but they also have the potential for providing very accurate localization, thanks to their high angular resolution. A difficult problem arising indoors and outdoors is localizing users over multipath channels. Localization based on angle of arrival (AOA) generally involves a two-step procedure, where signals are first processed to obtain a user's AOA at different base stations, followed by triangulation to determine the user's position. In the presence of multipath, the performance of these methods is greatly degraded due to the inability to correctly detect and/or estimate the AOA of the line-of-sight (LOS) paths. To counter the limitations of this two-step procedure which is inherently suboptimal, we propose a direct localization approach in which the position of a user is localized by jointly processing the observations obtained at distributed massive MIMO base stations. Our approach is based on a novel compressed sensing framework that exploits channel properties to distinguish LOS from non-LOS signal paths, and leads to improved performance results compared to previous existing methods.
291 citations
TL;DR: The prospect for implementing cooperative localization, which exploits the location information from additional measurements between MTs, is emphasized, and a performance evaluation approach is suggested to evaluate the accuracy of cooperative localization.
68 citations
"Multi-Stage Localization for Massiv..." refers methods in this paper
...The proposed method exploits 5G potentials for communication [11] such as the high angular resolution of massive arrays....
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