Journal ArticleDOI
Multi-variable approach to determine treatment efficiency of wetland: size effect and electro-kinetic effects
Sandeep Gupta,Rattandeep Singh,Prodyut R. Chakraborty,Rakesh Sharma,Alfred B.O. Soboyejo,Xiaohua Wei,Anand Plappally +6 more
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TLDR
In this paper, a multi-variable model for treatment efficiency in terms of change in tracer concentration as a function of shape, volumetric height of water within the wetland, time, and mass flow rate is considered.Abstract:
Empirical stochastic multi-variable models for prediction of treatment efficiency of wetlands are presented in this article. Wetlands of seven different shapes are visualized using tracer studies. Two different variants of experiments are carried out. Numerous flow rate variations are performed keeping surface area of the wetland constant. The experiment is also carried out with a variation in volume of the wetland which helps to study the effect of flow height on the hydrodynamics within the wetland. A multi-variable model for treatment efficiency in terms of change in tracer concentration as a function of shape, volumetric height of water within the wetland, time, and mass flow rate is considered. Further, another set of experiments is performed studying the treatment efficiency in terms of electro-kinetic parameters. This involves measuring the pH, turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts at inlet and outlet and residence time with varying flow rate, and height of ...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative analysis of hydrodynamics of treatment wetlands using finite volume models with empirical data
Rattandeep Singh,Sandeep Gupta,Shanmuganathan Raman,Prodyut R. Chakraborty,Puneet Sharma,Rakesh Sharma,Larry C. Brown,Xiaohua Wei,Anand Plappally +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical visualization study of wetlands is performed using finite volume methods to evaluate the treatment efficiency of the wetlands in terms of the residence time distribution function, and the variation in the tracer concentration is studied as a function of recirculation volumes, flow rates, time and depth of the wetland for each of the different wetland shapes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clean drinking water solution for rural India: Portable sip-up
Meraj Meraj Ahmad,Arti Sharma,Quadri S. Mujtaba,Saurabh Yadav,Ritwik Kulkarni,Rajesh Kumar Satankar,Sandeep K. S. Gupta,Amrita Kaurwar Nighojkar,Meenu Chhabra,Ambesh Dixit,Anand Plappally +10 more
TL;DR: Sip-up as mentioned in this paper is a portable ceramic water filter that can be attached to any commercially available bottle-based containers, made of a distinct volume fraction combination of salty clay, sawdust, and marble powder wet mix, formed into cylindrical shapes and baked at 650°C.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reciprocal Relations in Irreversible Processes. II.
TL;DR: In this article, a general reciprocal relation applicable to transport processes such as the conduction of heat and electricity, and diffusion, is derived from the assumption of microscopic reversibility, and certain average products of fluctuations are considered.
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Energy requirements for water production, treatment, end use, reclamation, and disposal
Anand Plappally,John H. Lienhard +1 more
TL;DR: A survey of the available literature on energy intensity for water use in the municipal and agricultural sectors and separating the process into several stages is presented in this article, where water supply, water treatment, residential end use, wastewater treatment, and agriculture end use are considered.
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Hydraulics efficiency of constructed wetlands and ponds
TL;DR: In this paper, a new measure for hydraulic efficiency that combines existing measures of flow uniformity and effective volume is proposed to assess the effects of different pond and wetland shapes, locations of inlet and outlet, botanical layouts and basin morphology on the flow hydrodynamics.
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Costs for water supply, treatment, end-use and reclamation
Anand Plappally,John H. Lienhard +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the cost of different water supply and water treatment options around the world, and the relationship between cost and volume of water treated by specific treatment options is assessed.
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Conducting hydraulic tracer studies of constructed wetlands: a practical guide
TL;DR: In this paper, the theory and techniques used when conducting hydraulic tracer tests in treatment wetlands, with particular attention paid to the practical issues to be considered during the planning and implementation phases.