Multicomponent Ion Exchange in Fixed Beds. General Properties of Equilibrium Systems

doi:10.1021/I160023A004

Journal Article•DOI•

Multicomponent Ion Exchange in Fixed Beds. General Properties of Equilibrium Systems

Gerhard Klein, Daniel Tondeur, Theodore Vermeulen

01 Aug 1967-Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals (American Chemical Society)-Vol. 6, Iss: 3, pp 339-351

About: This article is published in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals.The article was published on 1967-08-01. It has received 90 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ion exchange.

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Journal Article•DOI•

On the theory of multicomponent chromatography

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Hyun-Ku Rhee¹, Rutherford Aris¹, Neal R. Amundson¹•Institutions (1)

University of Minnesota¹

30 Oct 1970-Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A

TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical study of multicomponent chromatography is presented in which the system is considered to be one-dimensional, isothermal, locally at equilibrium and to have negligible diffusion effects.

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Abstract: A theoretical study of multicomponent chromatography is here presented in which the system is considered to be one-dimensional, isothermal, locally at equilibrium and to have negligible diffusion effects. The discussion starts with constant initial and entry conditions and goes on to stepwise constant data with an arbitrary number of discontinuities. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm is perfectly fitted to the exposition of the mathematical theory of quasilinear equations for it leads to explicit forms for the Riemann invariants and characteristic parameters. This paper develops the theory of simple waves and of shock waves on an independent basis and illustrates this theory by the construction of solutions and the analysis of the interaction of waves. It is shown incidentally that the entropy change across a shock is consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. The separation of solutes is discussed and brief consideration is given to the problems associated with non-uniform geometry and non-isothermal adsorption.

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248 citations

Book Chapter•DOI•

Biosorption Processes for Heavy Metal Removal

[...]

Silke Schiewer¹, Bohumil Volesky¹•Institutions (1)

McGill University¹

01 Jan 2000

TL;DR: The chapter deals with quantitative modeling of the key phenomena, and presents the biosorption equilibrium models, which are the basis for modeling of dynamic processes, e.g., in columns, that are of greater industrial relevance and are described in detail.

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Abstract: For the removal of heavy metals from the food cycle, natural processes can be used. The bio-molecules that bind metals in natural systems can make certain types of biomass suitable for metal sequestration in industrial biosorption processes which are described in this chapter. Biosorption can serve as a tool for the recovery of precious metals and the elimination of toxic metals. The term "biosorption" is used to describe the passive accumulation of metals or radioactive elements by biological materials. Usually, dead biomass serves as a basis for a family of biosorbents. In most cases, working with dead biomass offers more advantages and is therefore the object of the majority of more practically oriented biosorption studies. Some authors consider only an exchange of electrostatically bound ions to be ion exchange, and in the chapter the authors adopt a broader definition of this term. The occurrence of the groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, sulfonate, and phosphonate) in different types of biomass is discussed. The influence of the most important parameters on the biosorption equilibrium is described in qualitative terms. The chapter deals with quantitative modeling of the key phenomena, and presents the biosorption equilibrium models. These models are the basis for modeling of dynamic processes, e.g., in columns, that are of greater industrial relevance and are described in detail. Important progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of biosorption and in quantitative modeling of this process under controlled laboratory conditions.

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157 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Biosorption of Cu from ferruginous wastewater by algal biomass

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David Kratochvil¹, Bohumil Volesky¹•Institutions (1)

McGill University¹

01 Sep 1998-Water Research

TL;DR: In this paper, a flow-through sorption column was used to continuously and selectively remove Cu 2+ from the feed containing Cu and Fe ions, and the column was regenerated with 0.1 M HCl.

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134 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

OPTIMIZING Cu REMOVAL/RECOVERY IN A BIOSORPTION COLUMN

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David Kratochvil¹, Bohumil Volesky¹, George P. Demopoulos¹•Institutions (1)

McGill University¹

01 Sep 1997-Water Research

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of Ca-, H- and HCa-cycles on the performance of a continuous-flow biosorption fixed-bed were established, where the Ca-cycle applied to Sargassum biomass in a packed bed led to a high degree of column utilization but did not allow an effective Cu recovery.

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117 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Multicomponent biosorption in fixed beds

[...]

David Kratochvil¹, Bohumil Volesky¹•Institutions (1)

McGill University¹

15 Aug 2000-Water Research

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effects of competitive ion exchange such as the elution order of toxic metals from the column, and the concentration overshoots in column effluent by means of an ion exchange equilibrium column model.

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96 citations

Cites background or methods from "Multicomponent Ion Exchange in Fixe..."

...Therefore, in graphs, such transitions are represented by a point at which the concentration pro®les of all of the species form a step connecting levels of the species attained in the two adjacent plateaus (Klein et al., 1967)....
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...The approaches used for modeling ion exchange in ®xed beds by Hiester and Vermeulen (1952) for single solute, and by Hel erich (1967) and by Klein et al. (1967) for multicomponent mixtures, are restricted to systems with constant separation factors and/or to in®nitely long ®xed beds for which the…...
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...The dimensionless concentrations x i, yi, in equations (5), (7) and (8) correspond to x iD, and yiD: The equations were solved by the method introduced by Klein et al. (1967)....
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...First, competitive ion exchange in ternary systems was analyzed using alphabet and slope rules (Klein et al., 1967), and the conditions necessary for overshoots to occur were formulated....
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...In order to facilitate the evaluation of a performance of ion exchange columns treating multi-ion mixtures, Klein et al. (1967) and Hel erich (1967) developed the equilibrium column model (ECM)....
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Multicomponent Ion Exchange in Fixed Beds. General Properties of Equilibrium Systems

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