Journal ArticleDOI
Multiferroics: progress and prospects in thin films.
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TLDR
Novel device paradigms based on magnetoelectric coupling are discussed, the key scientific challenges in the field are outlined, and high-quality thin-film multiferroics are reviewed.Abstract:
Multiferroic materials, which show simultaneous ferroelectric and magnetic ordering, exhibit unusual physical properties — and in turn promise new device applications — as a result of the coupling between their dual order parameters. We review recent progress in the growth, characterization and understanding of thin-film multiferroics. The availability of high-quality thin-film multiferroics makes it easier to tailor their properties through epitaxial strain, atomic-level engineering of chemistry and interfacial coupling, and is a prerequisite for their incorporation into practical devices. We discuss novel device paradigms based on magnetoelectric coupling, and outline the key scientific challenges in the field.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Multiferroics: a magnetic twist for ferroelectricity
TL;DR: It is found that even a weak magnetoelectric interaction can lead to spectacular cross-coupling effects when it induces electric polarization in a magnetically ordered state.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiferroic magnetoelectric composites: Historical perspective, status, and future directions
TL;DR: In this article, a review of mostly recent activities can be found, with a brief summary of the historical perspective of the multiferroic magnetoelectric composites since its appearance in 1972.
Journal ArticleDOI
The birth of topological insulators
TL;DR: Certain insulators have exotic metallic states on their surfaces that render the electrons travelling on such surfaces insensitive to scattering by impurities, possibly finding uses in technological applications in spintronics and quantum computing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atomistic Origins of High-Performance in Hybrid Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Jarvist M. Frost,Keith T. Butler,Federico Brivio,Christopher H. Hendon,Mark van Schilfgaarde,Aron Walsh +5 more
TL;DR: The performance of organometallic perovskite solar cells has rapidly surpassed that of both conventional dye-sensitized and organic photovoltaics as discussed by the authors, which can be realized in both mesoporous and thin-film device architectures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiferroicity: the coupling between magnetic and polarization orders
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the physical concepts of multiferroicity and the current challenges to integrate the magnetism and ferroelectricity into a single-phase system and summarize various strategies used to combine the two types of order.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications
TL;DR: Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems as discussed by the authors, where the primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spin-polarized transport.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials
TL;DR: A ferroelectric crystal exhibits a stable and switchable electrical polarization that is manifested in the form of cooperative atomic displacements that arises through the quantum mechanical phenomenon of exchange.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epitaxial BiFeO3 multiferroic thin film heterostructures.
Jian Wang,Jeffrey B. Neaton,Haimei Zheng,Valanoor Nagarajan,Satishchandra Ogale,B. T. Liu,Dwight Viehland,V. Vaithyanathan,Darrell G. Schlom,Umesh V. Waghmare,Nicola A. Spaldin,Karin M. Rabe,Manfred Wuttig,Ramamoorthy Ramesh +13 more
TL;DR: Enhanced polarization and related properties in heteroepitaxially constrained thin films of the ferroelectromagnet, BiFeO3, and combined functional responses in thin film form present an opportunity to create and implement thin film devices that actively couple the magnetic and ferroelectric order parameters.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anisotropic Superexchange Interaction and Weak Ferromagnetism
TL;DR: In this paper, the Anderson theory of superexchange was extended to include spin-orbit coupling and the antisymmetric spin coupling suggested by Dzialoshinski from purely symmetry grounds and the symmetric pseudodipolar interaction were derived.
Journal ArticleDOI
Revival of the Magnetoelectric Effect
Abstract: Recent research activities on the linear magnetoelectric (ME) effect?induction of magnetization by an electric field or of polarization by a magnetic field?are reviewed. Beginning with a brief summary of the history of the ME effect since its prediction in 1894, the paper focuses on the present revival of the effect. Two major sources for 'large' ME effects are identified. (i) In composite materials the ME effect is generated as a product property of a magnetostrictive and a piezoelectric compound. A linear ME polarization is induced by a weak ac magnetic field oscillating in the presence of a strong dc bias field. The ME effect is large if the ME coefficient coupling the magnetic and electric fields is large. Experiments on sintered granular composites and on laminated layers of the constituents as well as theories on the interaction between the constituents are described. In the vicinity of electromechanical resonances a ME voltage coefficient of up to 90?V?cm?1?Oe?1 is achieved, which exceeds the ME response of single-phase compounds by 3?5 orders of magnitude. Microwave devices, sensors, transducers and heterogeneous read/write devices are among the suggested technical implementations of the composite ME effect. (ii) In multiferroics the internal magnetic and/or electric fields are enhanced by the presence of multiple long-range ordering. The ME effect is strong enough to trigger magnetic or electrical phase transitions. ME effects in multiferroics are thus 'large' if the corresponding contribution to the free energy is large. Clamped ME switching of electrical and magnetic domains, ferroelectric reorientation induced by applied magnetic fields and induction of ferromagnetic ordering in applied electric fields were observed. Mechanisms favouring multiferroicity are summarized, and multiferroics in reduced dimensions are discussed. In addition to composites and multiferroics, novel and exotic manifestations of ME behaviour are investigated. This includes (i) optical second harmonic generation as a tool to study magnetic, electrical and ME properties in one setup and with access to domain structures; (ii) ME effects in colossal magnetoresistive manganites, superconductors and phosphates of the LiMPO4 type; (iii) the concept of the toroidal moment as manifestation of a ME dipole moment; (iv) pronounced ME effects in photonic crystals with a possibility of electromagnetic unidirectionality. The review concludes with a summary and an outlook to the future development of magnetoelectrics research.