Multifunctional Co3S4@sulfur nanotubes for enhanced lithium-sulfur battery performance
About: This article is published in Nano Energy.The article was published on 2017-07-01. It has received 305 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Lithium–sulfur battery & Polysulfide.
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TL;DR: Recent advances on catalytic effects in increasing the rate of conversion of soluble long‐chain LiPSs to insoluble short-chain Li2S2/Li2S, and vice versa, are reviewed, and the roles of noble metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides,Metal nitrides, and some metal‐free materials in this process are highlighted.
Abstract: Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has emerged as one of the most promising next-generation energy-storage systems. However, the shuttle effect greatly reduces the battery cycle life and sulfur utilization, which is great deterrent to its practical use. This paper reviews the tremendous efforts that are made to find a remedy for this problem, mostly through physical or chemical confinement of the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Intrinsically, this "confinement" has a relatively limited effect on improving the battery performance because in most cases, the LiPSs are "passively" blocked and cannot be reused. Thus, this strategy becomes less effective with a high sulfur loading and ultralong cycling. A more "positive" method that not only traps but also increases the subsequent conversion of LiPSs back to lithium sulfides is urgently needed to fundamentally solve the shuttle effect. Here, recent advances on catalytic effects in increasing the rate of conversion of soluble long-chain LiPSs to insoluble short-chain Li2S2/Li2S, and vice versa, are reviewed, and the roles of noble metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal nitrides, and some metal-free materials in this process are highlighted. Challenges and potential solutions for the design of catalytic cathodes and interlayers in Li-S battery are discussed in detail.
671 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a metal organic framework (MOF)-derived Co9S8 nanowall array with vertical hollow nanoarchitecture and high electrical conductivity is grown in situ on a Celgard separator via a feasible and scalable liquid-reaction approach, as an efficient barrier for LiPSs in Li-S batteries.
Abstract: Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been regarded as one of the most promising next-generation energy-storage devices, due to their low cost and high theoretical energy density (2600 W h kg−1). However, the severe dissolution of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the fatal shuttle effect of the sulfur cathode seriously hinder the practical applications of Li–S batteries. To address such issues, we present here, for the first time, a novel metal organic framework (MOF)-derived Co9S8 nanowall array with vertical hollow nanoarchitecture and high electrical conductivity, which is grown in situ on a Celgard separator (Co9S8–Celgard) via a feasible and scalable liquid-reaction approach, as an efficient barrier for LiPSs in Li–S batteries. Benefiting from the direct in situ growth of vertical Co9S8 hollow nanowall arrays as a multifunctional polar barrier, the Co9S8–Celgard separator possesses large surface area, excellent mechanical stability, and particularly strong LiPS-trapping ability via chemical and physical interactions. With these advantages, even with a pure sulfur cathode with a high sulfur loading of 5.6 mg cm−2, the Li–S cells with the Co9S8–Celgard separator exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance: the initial specific capacity is as high as 1385 mA h g−1 with a retention of 1190 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles. The cells deliver a high capacity of 530 mA h g−1 at a 1C rate (1675 mA g−1) even after an impressive number of 1000 cycles with an average capacity fade of only 0.039% per cycle, which is promising for long-term cycling application at high charge/discharge current densities, and pouch-type Li–S cells with the Co9S8–Celgard separator display excellent cycling performance. When the optimized cathode with the sulfur loading in well-designed yolk–shelled carbon@Fe3O4 (YSC@Fe3O4) nanoboxes is employed, the cell with Co9S8–Celgard delivers a high initial capacity of 986 mA h g−1 at a 1C rate with a capacity retention as high as 83.2% even after a remarkable number of 1500 cycles. This work presents a strategy to grow on the separator a multifunctional polar interlayer with unique nanoarchitecture and high conductivity to chemically and physically trap the LiPSs, thus significantly enhancing the performance of Li–S batteries.
450 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the advanced interlayer systems is presented, and the operating mechanisms and widespread availability of interlayers in lithium-sulfur batteries are concluded.
340 citations
TL;DR: An insightful overview of the advances in LSB catalytic material design and mechanistic descriptions of their catalytic activities are comprehensively provided.
Abstract: Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are cost-effective and high-energy-density batteries. However, the insulating nature of active materials, the shuttle effect, and slow redox kinetics lead to severe capacity decay and low rate capabilities. Numerous multimodal approaches have been attempted to tackle these issues and have pushed the cycle stability and energy density to higher levels. Recently, accelerating the redox kinetics using catalytic materials has been considered as a means to realize high-performance LSBs. In this Minireview, we provide an insightful overview of the advances in the design of LSB catalytic materials and mechanistic descriptions of their catalytic activities.
333 citations
TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper used zinc sulfide (ZnS) as an activation catalyst in Li-S battery to suppress the soluble polysulfide shuttle effect by powering kinetics redox reactions.
328 citations
References
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TL;DR: The energy that can be stored in Li-air and Li-S cells is compared with Li-ion; the operation of the cells is discussed, as are the significant hurdles that will have to be overcome if such batteries are to succeed.
Abstract: Li-ion batteries have transformed portable electronics and will play a key role in the electrification of transport. However, the highest energy storage possible for Li-ion batteries is insufficient for the long-term needs of society, for example, extended-range electric vehicles. To go beyond the horizon of Li-ion batteries is a formidable challenge; there are few options. Here we consider two: Li-air (O(2)) and Li-S. The energy that can be stored in Li-air (based on aqueous or non-aqueous electrolytes) and Li-S cells is compared with Li-ion; the operation of the cells is discussed, as are the significant hurdles that will have to be overcome if such batteries are to succeed. Fundamental scientific advances in understanding the reactions occurring in the cells as well as new materials are key to overcoming these obstacles. The potential benefits of Li-air and Li-S justify the continued research effort that will be needed.
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TL;DR: This review aims to summarize major developments in the field of lithium-sulfur batteries, starting from an overview of their electrochemistry, technical challenges and potential solutions, along with some theoretical calculation results to advance the understanding of the material interactions involved.
Abstract: Due to their high energy density and low material cost, lithium–sulfur batteries represent a promising energy storage system for a multitude of emerging applications, ranging from stationary grid storage to mobile electric vehicles. This review aims to summarize major developments in the field of lithium–sulfur batteries, starting from an overview of their electrochemistry, technical challenges and potential solutions, along with some theoretical calculation results to advance our understanding of the material interactions involved. Next, we examine the most extensively-used design strategy: encapsulation of sulfur cathodes in carbon host materials. Other emerging host materials, such as polymeric and inorganic materials, are discussed as well. This is followed by a survey of novel battery configurations, including the use of lithium sulfide cathodes and lithium polysulfide catholytes, as well as recent burgeoning efforts in the modification of separators and protection of lithium metal anodes. Finally, we conclude with an outlook section to offer some insight on the future directions and prospects of lithium–sulfur batteries.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive survey of electrical percolation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in polymer composites is presented, together with an attempt of systematization.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report a quantitative analysis of the shuttle phenomenon in Li/S rechargeable batteries and present experimental evidence that selfdischarge, charge-discharge efficiency, charge profile, and overcharge protection are all facets of the same phenomenon.
Abstract: This work reports a quantitative analysis of the shuttle phenomenon in Li/S rechargeable batteries. The work encompasses theoretical models of the charge process, charge and discharge capacity, overcharge protection, thermal effects, self-discharge, and a comparison of simulated and experimental data. The work focused on the features of polysulfide chemistry and polysulfide interaction with the Li anode, a quantitative description of these phenomena, and their application to the development of a high-energy rechargeable battery. The objective is to present experimental evidence that self-discharge, charge-discharge efficiency, charge profile, and overcharge protection are all facets of the same phenomenon.
1,793 citations
TL;DR: In this review, recent developments on nanostructured sulfur cathodes and mechanisms behind their operation are presented and discussed and progress on novel characterization of sulfurCathodes is summarized, as it has deepened the understanding of sulfur cathode and will guide further rational design of sulfur electrodes.
Abstract: Rechargeable Li/S batteries have attracted significant attention lately due to their high specific energy and low cost. They are promising candidates for applications, including portable electronics, electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage. However, poor cycle life and low power capability are major technical obstacles. Various nanostructured sulfur cathodes have been developed to address these issues, as they provide greater resistance to pulverization, faster reaction kinetics and better trapping of soluble polysulfides. In this review, recent developments on nanostructured sulfur cathodes and mechanisms behind their operation are presented and discussed. Moreover, progress on novel characterization of sulfur cathodes is also summarized, as it has deepened the understanding of sulfur cathodes and will guide further rational design of sulfur electrodes.
1,727 citations