Multiscale modeling of effective electrical conductivity of short carbon fiber-carbon nanotube-polymer matrix hybrid composites
TL;DR: In this paper, a physics-based hierarchical multiscale modeling approach is presented to calculate the effective electrical conductivity of short carbon fibers (SCFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hybrid composites.
About: This article is published in Materials & Design.The article was published on 2016-01-05. It has received 90 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Carbon nanotube & Micromechanics.
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TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the intrinsic properties of these fillers (graphene and its derivatives) and their state of dispersion in polymer matrix on the gas barrier properties of graphene/PNCs is discussed.
456 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the intrinsic properties of these fillers (graphene and its derivatives) and their state of dispersion in polymer matrix on the gas barrier properties of graphene/PNCs are discussed.
Abstract: Due to its exceptionally outstanding electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, graphene is being explored for a wide array of applications and has attracted enormous academic and industrial interest. Graphene and its derivatives have also been considered as promising nanoscale fillers in gas barrier application of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). In this review, recent research and development of the utilization of graphene and its derivatives in the fabrication of nanocomposites with different polymer matrices for barrier application are explored. Most synthesis methods of graphene-based PNCs are covered, including solution and melt mixing, in situ polymerization and layer-by-layer process. Graphene layers in polymer matrix are able to produce a tortuous path which works as a barrier structure for gases. A high tortuosity leads to higher barrier properties and lower permeability of PNCs. The influence of the intrinsic properties of these fillers (graphene and its derivatives) and their state of dispersion in polymer matrix on the gas barrier properties of graphene/PNCs are discussed. Analytical modeling aspects of barrier performance of graphene/PNCs are also reviewed in detail. We also discuss and address some of the work on mixed matrix membranes for gas separation.
401 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, electrical conductivity measurements and modeling aspects of carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites enabled via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing are presented.
Abstract: We present electrical conductivity measurements and modeling aspects of carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites enabled via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM). CNT/polylactic acid (PLA) and CNT/high density polyethylene (HDPE) filament feedstocks were synthesized through melt blending with controlled CNT loading to realize 3D printed polymer nanocomposites. Electrical conductivity of 3D printed CNT/PLA and CNT/HDPE composites was measured for various CNT loadings. Low percolation thresholds were obtained from measured data as 0.23 vol. % and 0.18 vol. % of CNTs for CNT/PLA and CNT/HDPE nanocomposites, respectively. Moreover, a micromechanics-based two-parameter agglomeration model was developed to predict the electrical conductivity of CNT/polymer composites. We further show that the two agglomeration parameters can also be used to describe segregated structures, wherein nanofillers are constrained to certain locations within the matrix. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever electrical conductivity model to account for segregation of CNTs in the matrix. A good agreement between measured conductivity and predictions demonstrates the adequacy of the proposed model. We further evince the robustness of the model by accurately capturing the conductivity measurements reported in the literature for both elastomeric and thermoplastic nanocomposites. The findings of the study would provide guidelines for the design of electro-conductive polymer nanocomposites.
126 citations
Cites background from "Multiscale modeling of effective el..."
...The conductivities of the equivalent filler are calculated from [29,32]:...
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TL;DR: Fibers-based composite materials have attracted wide attention due to their low weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and high durability as discussed by the authors, which can not only maintain their original properties, but also improve or overcome the weaknesses of any single material.
115 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-step analytical electrical conductivity method is adopted to calculate the effective electrical conductivities of the carbon fiber (CF)-carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer hybrid composite.
Abstract: A two-step analytical electrical conductivity method is adopted to calculate the effective electrical conductivity of the carbon fiber (CF)-carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer hybrid composite. First, CNTs are dispersed into the non-conducting polymer matrix and the electrical conductivity of the CNT-polymer composite is obtained. Then, CFs are randomly distributed in the CNT-polymer composite and the effective electrical conductivity of CF-CNT-polymer hybrid composite is estimated. The effect of critical parameters, including the volume fraction, alignment, agglomerated state and aspect ratio of the CNTs and the potential barrier height of the polymer on the hybrid composite electrical conductivity is evaluated. Also, the influence of the content and aspect ratio of CFs on the electric conductive behavior of the polymer hybrid composites is investigated. The results show that the polymer hybrid composite with larger aspect ratio and off alignment of CNTs presents a higher electrical conductivity.
105 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical and thermal conductivity of nanoparticulate filled epoxy resins is evaluated with respect to the influence of the type of carbon nanotubes (SWCNT, DWCNT and MWCNT).
1,049 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the electrical conductivity of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT)/epoxy composites is investigated with respect to the chemical treatment of the MWNT.
591 citations
"Multiscale modeling of effective el..." refers methods in this paper
...In this research work, the lower bound, δa,min, for the CNT-polymer composite is determined by fitting the electrical conductivity of CNT-polymer composite calculated for different minimum values of δa to the experimentally determined electrical conductivity values [25]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid composite architecture of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), advanced fibers and a matrix is described, from CNT synthesis and characterization through to standard mechanical and electrical laminate tests.
472 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a three-dimensional reinforcement of woven advanced polymer-matrix composites using aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is explored experimentally and theoretically.
382 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an epoxy resin was modified with two different types of carbon nanotubes and with carbon black, in order to achieve an electrical conductivity, which was used for both, damage and load detection of fiber reinforced composites.
329 citations
"Multiscale modeling of effective el..." refers background in this paper
...fracture toughness [6–10] of existing composite system or has introduced/enhanced the piezoelectric behavior in conventional composites for structural health monitoring [11,12]....
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