Journal ArticleDOI
Multivariate analysis of standoff laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy spectra for classification of explosive-containing residues
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TLDR
This work investigates the use of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for explosives detection and extends the study of PLS-DA to more complex sample types, including binary mixtures, different types of explosives, and samples not included in the model.Abstract:
A technique being evaluated for standoff explosives detection is laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). LIBS is a real-time sensor technology that uses components that can be configured into a ruggedized standoff instrument. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has been coupling standoff LIBS spectra with chemometrics for several years now in order to discriminate between explosives and nonexplosives. We have investigated the use of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for explosives detection. We have extended our study of PLS-DA to more complex sample types, including binary mixtures, different types of explosives, and samples not included in the model. We demonstrate the importance of building the PLS-DA model by iteratively testing it against sample test sets. Independent test sets are used to test the robustness of the final model.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
TL;DR: Compared to the conventional flame emission spectroscopy, LIBS atomizes only the small portion of the sample by the focused laser pulse, which makes a tiny spark on the sample, and capturing the instant light is a major skill to collect sufficient intensity of the emitting species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for detection of explosives residues: a review of recent advances, challenges, and future prospects
TL;DR: This review discusses the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the problem of explosive residue detection and demonstrates the tremendous potential of LIBS for real-time detection of explosives residues at standoff distances.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser-based standoff detection of explosives: a critical review.
TL;DR: The review includes novel techniques, not yet tested in realistic environments, more mature technologies which have been tested outdoors in realistic environment as well as the most mature millimetre wave imaging technique.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser ablation in analytical chemistry.
TL;DR: Current issues in fundamental research, applications based on detecting photons at the ablation site and by collecting particles for excitation in a secondary source (ICP), and directions for the technology are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Good practices in LIBS analysis: Review and advices
TL;DR: In this article, a review on the analytical results obtained by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is presented, including the risk of misclassification, and results on concentration measurement based on calibration are accompanied with significant figures of merit including the concept of accuracy.
References
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Partial Least Squares for Discrimination
TL;DR: Partial least squares (PLS) was not originally designed as a tool for statistical discrimination as discussed by the authors, but applied scientists routinely use PLS for classification and there is substantial empirical evidence to suggest that it performs well in that role.
Journal ArticleDOI
OPLS discriminant analysis: combining the strengths of PLS-DA and SIMCA classification†
Max Bylesjö,Mattias Rantalainen,Olivier Cloarec,Jeremy K. Nicholson,Elaine Holmes,Johan Trygg +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, class-orthogonal variation can be exploited to augment classificaiton analysis (OPLS-DA) for the purpose of discriminant analysis, and the OPLS method can be used to augment classification.
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Standoff detection of high explosive materials at 50 meters in ambient light conditions using a small Raman instrument.
J. Chance Carter,S. Michael Angel,Marion Lawrence-Snyder,Jon Scaffidi,Richard E. Whipple,John G. Reynolds +5 more
TL;DR: Detector gate width studies showed that Raman spectra could be acquired in high levels of ambient light using a 10 microsecond gate width, and Raman signal levels were found to increase linearly with increasing laser energy up to ∼3 × 106 W/cm2 for all samples except TNT.
Journal ArticleDOI
Test of a stand-off laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy sensor for the detection of explosive residues on solid surfaces
Cristina López-Moreno,S. Palanco,J. Javier Laserna,Frank C. DeLucia,Andrzej W. Miziolek,Jeremy Rose,Roy A. Walters,Andrew I. Whitehouse +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a single-pulse laser source over a doublepulse system as the most suitable source for the stand-off analysis of organic samples for the detection and characterization of energetic materials at distances up to 45 m using standoff laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of bacterial spores, molds, pollens, and protein: initial studies of discrimination potential.
TL;DR: LIBS data from the individual laser shots were analyzed by principal-components analysis and were found to contain adequate information to afford discrimination among the different biomaterials.