Journal ArticleDOI
Mycotoxin occurrence in feed and feed raw materials worldwide: long-term analysis with special focus on Europe and Asia.
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TLDR
During an 8-year period, 17 316 samples of feed and feed raw materials from all over the world were analysed for contamination with aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and fumonisins, finding that the majority of the samples were compliant with the most stringent EU guidance values or maximum levels for mycotoxins in feed.Abstract:
During an 8-year period, 17 316 samples of feed and feed raw materials from all over the world were analysed for contamination with aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and fumonisins. Overall, 72% of the samples tested positive for at least one mycotoxin and 38% were found to be co-contaminated. Mycotoxin concentrations were generally low and the majority of the samples were compliant with the most stringent EU guidance values or maximum levels for mycotoxins in feed. However, in their present state these regulations do not address co-contamination and associated risks. Long-term trends are difficult to establish as strong yearly variations were observed regarding mycotoxin prevalence and contamination levels. In some cases unusual weather conditions can be linked with high observed mycotoxin loads. An exception to this rule is South-East Asia, where a steady increase of aflatoxin prevalence has been observed. The percentage of aflatoxin-positive samples in this region rose from 32% in 2005 to 71% in 2011.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Worldwide contamination of food-crops with mycotoxins: Validity of the widely cited 'FAO estimate' of 25.
Mari Eskola,Gregor Kos,Christopher T. Elliott,Jana Hajslova,Sultan Mayar,Rudolf Krska,Rudolf Krska +6 more
TL;DR: Current mycotoxin occurrenceabove the EU and Codex limits appears to confirm the FAO 25% estimate, while this figure greatly underestimates the occurrence above the detectable levels (up to 60–80%).
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural Co-Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds and Their in vitro Combined Toxicological Effects
TL;DR: This review summarizes the findings on mycotoxins and their co-occurrence in various foods and feeds from all over the world as well as in vitro experimental data on their combined toxicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Mycotoxin Occurrence in Feed: A Ten-Year Survey
TL;DR: According to an extensive global survey, mycotoxin (co-)contamination of animal feed is common, shows regional trends, and is governed in part by climate and weather.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review on Mycotoxin Issues in Ruminants: Occurrence in Forages, Effects of Mycotoxin Ingestion on Health Status and Animal Performance and Practical Strategies to Counteract Their Negative Effects
Antonio Gallo,Gianluca Giuberti,Jens Christian Frisvad,Terenzio Bertuzzi,Kristian Fog Nielsen +4 more
TL;DR: This review includes the knowledge of mycotoxin occurrence reported in the last 15 years, with special emphasis on mycotoxins detected in forages, and animal toxicological issues due to their ingestion.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Impact of Fusarium Mycotoxins on Human and Animal Host Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases
Gunther Antonissen,An Martel,Frank Pasmans,Richard Ducatelle,Elin Verbrugghe,Virginie Vandenbroucke,Shaoji Li,Freddy Haesebrouck,Filip Van Immerseel,Siska Croubels +9 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the impact of Fusarium mycotoxin exposure on human and animal host susceptibility to infectious diseases and indicates possible exacerbation of colibacillosis and salmonellosis in humans, as well.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A review of worldwide contamination of cereal grains and animal feed with Fusarium mycotoxins
TL;DR: It is concluded that, although sample size has been small in a number of surveys, there is nevertheless unequivocal evidence of global contamination of cereal grains and animal feed with several trichothecenes, ZEN and fumonisins.
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Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in commodities, feeds and feed ingredients
TL;DR: A 2-year survey program was initiated by feed additive producer Biomin ® in order to evaluate the incidence of mycotoxins in feed and feed raw materials in some of the major animal production regions as discussed by the authors.
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Mycotoxin contamination of the feed supply chain: Implications for animal productivity and feed security
TL;DR: It is concluded that mycotoxins constitute a significant problem for the animal feed industry and an ongoing risk to feed supply security.
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Current Situation of Mycotoxin Contamination and Co-occurrence in Animal Feed—Focus on Europe
Elisabeth Streit,Gerd Schatzmayr,Panagiotis Tassis,Eleni Tzika,Daniela Eliza Marin,Ionelia Taranu,Cristina Tabuc,Anca Ioana Nicolau,Iuliana Aprodu,Olivier Puel,Isabelle P. Oswald +10 more
TL;DR: The data published since 2004 concerning the contamination of animal feed with single or combinations of mycotoxins and the occurrence of these co-contaminations are reviewed and highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
How will climate change affect mycotoxins in food
TL;DR: The impact of climate change on mycotoxins in food is assessed: only one paper and an abstract referred directly from a substantial literature search and then only in relation to Europe.