NADPH Oxidases, Reactive Oxygen Species, and the Kidney: Friend and Foe
Mona Sedeek,Rania Nasrallah,Rania Nasrallah,Rhian M. Touyz,Rhian M. Touyz,Richard L. Hébert,Richard L. Hébert +6 more
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TLDR
The role of NADPH oxidases and ROS in renal physiology and pathology is provided and Nox4 has been implicated in the basal production of ROS in the kidney and in pathologic conditions such as diabetic nephropathy and CKD.Abstract:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in normal cellular physiology. They regulate different biologic processes such as cell defense, hormone synthesis and signaling, activation of G protein-coupled receptors, and ion channels and kinases/phosphatases. ROS are also important regulators of transcription factors and gene expression. On the other hand, in pathologic conditions, a surplus of ROS in tissue results in oxidative stress with various injurious consequences such as inflammation and fibrosis. NADPH oxidases are one of the many sources of ROS in biologic systems, and there are seven isoforms (Nox1–5, Duox1, Duox2). Nox4 is the predominant form in the kidney, although Nox2 is also expressed. Nox4 has been implicated in the basal production of ROS in the kidney and in pathologic conditions such as diabetic nephropathy and CKD; upregulation of Nox4 may be important in renal oxidative stress and kidney injury. Although there is growing evidence indicating the involvement of NADPH oxidase in renal pathology, there is a paucity of information on the role of NADPH oxidase in the regulation of normal renal function. Here we provide an update on the role of NADPH oxidases and ROS in renal physiology and pathology.read more
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References
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The NOX Family of ROS-Generating NADPH Oxidases: Physiology and Pathophysiology
Karen Bedard,Karl-Heinz Krause +1 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the functions of NOX enzymes in physiology and pathology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cell transformation by the superoxide-generating oxidase Mox1
Young Ah Suh,Rebecca S. Arnold,Bernard Lassègue,Jing Shi,Xiang Xi Xu,Dan Sorescu,Andrew B. Chung,Kathy K. Griendling,J. David Lambeth +8 more
TL;DR: The cloning of mox1 is described, which encodes a homologue of the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, gp91phox, which is expressed in colon, prostate, uterus and vascular smooth muscle, but not in peripheral blood leukocytes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Homologs of gp91phox: cloning and tissue expression of Nox3, Nox4, and Nox5.
TL;DR: The cloning and tissue expression of three additional homologs of gp91phox, termed Nox3, Nox4 and Nox5, members of a growing family of gp 91phox homologicals are reported, which are predicted to encode proteins of around 65 kDa.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the kidney in normal glucose homeostasis and in the hyperglycaemia of diabetes mellitus: therapeutic implications
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the development of glucose-lowering drugs involving inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption is presented, in light of the fact that the human kidney is involved in the regulation of glucose via gluconeogenesis, taking up glucose from the circulation, and by reabsorbing glucose from glomerular filtrate.
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Bernard R. Landau,John Wahren,Visvanathan Chandramouli,William C. Schumann,Karin Ekberg,Satish C. Kalhan +5 more
TL;DR: Healthy subjects ingested 2H2O and after 14, 22, and 42 h of fasting the enrichments of deuterium in the hydrogens bound to carbons 2, 5, and 6 of blood glucose and in body water determined and rates of gluconeogenesis can be determined without corrections required in other tracer methodologies.
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