Nafamostat Mesylate Blocks Activation of SARS-CoV-2: New Treatment Option for COVID-19.
Markus Hoffmann,Simon Schroeder,Simon Schroeder,Hannah Kleine-Weber,Marcel A. Müller,Marcel A. Müller,Christian Drosten,Christian Drosten,Stefan Pöhlmann +8 more
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TLDR
The currently unfolding coronavirus pandemic threatens health systems and economies worldwide and needs to be considered as a global public health emergency, not a medical emergency.Abstract:
The currently unfolding coronavirus pandemic threatens health systems and economies worldwide.….read more
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Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2.
TL;DR: The first discoveries that shape the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout the intracellular viral life cycle are summarized and relate that to the knowledge of coronavirus biology.
Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and P.1 escape from neutralizing antibodies.
Markus Hoffmann,Markus Hoffmann,Prerna Arora,Prerna Arora,Rüdiger Groß,Alina Seidel,Bojan F. Hörnich,Alexander S. Hahn,Nadine Krüger,Luise Graichen,Heike Hofmann-Winkler,Amy Kempf,Amy Kempf,Martin Sebastian Winkler,Sebastian R. Schulz,Hans-Martin Jäck,Bernd Jahrsdörfer,Bernd Jahrsdörfer,Hubert Schrezenmeier,Hubert Schrezenmeier,Martin Müller,Alexander Kleger,Jan Münch,Stefan Pöhlmann,Stefan Pöhlmann +24 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 variants B.1.7 (UK), B.351 (South Africa), and P.1 (Brazil) harbor mutations in the viral spike (S) protein that may alter virus-host cell interactions and confer resistance to inhibitors and antibodies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19.
Thakur Uttam Singh,Subhashree Parida,Madhu Cholenahalli Lingaraju,Manickam Kesavan,Dinesh Kumar,Raj Kumar Singh +5 more
TL;DR: The present review will focus on the repurposing efficacy of the currently used drugs against COVID-19 and their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, safety, and their future perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Hidesaku Asakura,Haruhiko Ogawa +1 more
TL;DR: The pathology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is exacerbated by the progression of thrombosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and cytokine storms, and its relationship with prognosis has been discussed.
References
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SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor
Markus Hoffmann,Hannah Kleine-Weber,Simon Schroeder,Nadine Krüger,Tanja Herrler,Sandra Erichsen,Tobias S. Schiergens,Georg Herrler,Nai Huei Wu,Andreas Nitsche,Marcel A. Müller,Christian Drosten,Christian Drosten,Stefan Pöhlmann +13 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS -CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming, and it is shown that the sera from convalescent SARS patients cross-neutralized Sars-2-S-driven entry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro.
Manli Wang,Ruiyuan Cao,Leike Zhang,Xing-Lou Yang,Jia Liu,Mingyue Xu,Zhengli Shi,Zhihong Hu,Wu Zhong,Gengfu Xiao +9 more
TL;DR: This study evaluated the antiviral efficiency of five FAD-approved drugs including ribavirin, penciclovir, nitazoxanide, nafamostat, chloroquine and two well-known broad-spectrum antiviral drugs remdesivir and favipiravir against a clinical isolate of 2019-nCoV in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence that TMPRSS2 Activates the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein for Membrane Fusion and Reduces Viral Control by the Humoral Immune Response
Ilona Glowacka,Stephanie Bertram,Marcel A. Müller,Paul Allen,Elizabeth J. Soilleux,Susanne Pfefferle,Imke Steffen,Theodros Solomon Tsegaye,Yuxian He,Kerstin Gnirss,Daniela Niemeyer,Heike Schneider,Christian Drosten,Stefan Pöhlmann,Stefan Pöhlmann +14 more
TL;DR: It is shown that TMPRSS2 might promote viral spread and pathogenesis by diminishing viral recognition by neutralizing antibodies and by activating SARS S for cell-cell and virus-cell fusion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficient Activation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein by the Transmembrane Protease TMPRSS2
TL;DR: This is the first report of TMPRSS2 being required in the target cell for activation of a viral fusion protein but not for the S protein synthesized in and transported to the surface of cells.
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