Nakagami Fading Impact on the Performances of VANET Routing Protocols in a Realistic Urban
01 Jan 2020-International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications (International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications - IJANA)-Vol. 11, Iss: 04, pp 4330-4335
TL;DR: Evaluated protocols for attenuation of communication signal over the transmission distance show that Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol outperforms the others being the most resistant to fading phenomena.
Abstract: ----------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------Quality of service is negatively impacted by the attenuation of the communication signal over the transmission distance. The attenuation phenomena can be modelled using different fading models; Nakagami model is regarded as the most realistic one. Attenuation in VANET is more challenging since it depends also on vehicle’s length and node density. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performances of Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector, Dynamic destination-Sequenced Distance Vector and Optimized Link State Routing protocols. A real map from an urban zone has been used. The map has been prepared using the simulator of urban mobility (SUMO) for the network simulator 3 (ns-3). Results show that Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol outperforms the others being the most resistant to fading phenomena.
Citations
More filters
03 Apr 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance analysis of radio propagation model (RPM) in VANET has been studied and the best performance of RPM has been identified by observing packet loss, throughput and average end-to-end delay between vehicles by implementing different type of RPMs.
Abstract: Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is developed for the communication between vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside in purpose for safety, navigation and other roadside services. The radio propagation model (RPM) was used in VANET for the implementation of VANET in order to estimate the path loss in multiple operating environments such as modern road infrastructure. This research is concerned with the study about the performance of different RPM on VANET between Free Space propagation, Two Ray Ground propagation and Nakagami propagation. The purpose of this research work is to observe the packet loss, throughput and average end-to-end delay between vehicles by implementing different type of RPMs, which then has been compared to determine which RPM has a better performance. To obtain the performance analysis of RPM in VANET, several software such as Java OpenStreetMap (JOSM), Simulator of Urban Mobility (SUMO), Mobility Model Generator for VANET (MOVE) and Network Simulator Version 2 (NS2) has been used with Linux Ubuntu version 20.04 as the operating system. The data were collected at Jalan Besar Selayang Baru, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor. With the target location of 2 km x 2 km size, detail analyzation of data from all three different propagation models were performed. Hence, the best performance of RPM in VANET has been identified.
6 citations
22 Sep 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the routing protocols for VANET's (AODV, DSDV and DSR) are applied in real-world mobility tracing and their performance is analyzed on packet receive, packet receives rate, Packet loss ratio, and packet delivery ratio.
Abstract: Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) have drawn the attention of the researcher and erects an auspicious research interest. Applying routing protocols in VANET has become challenging as VANET has unique and dynamic properties and the mobility of nodes. In this work, the routing protocols for VANET's (AODV, DSDV, DSR, and OLSR) are applied in Real-World mobility tracing and their performance is analyzed on packet receive, packet receives rate, Packet loss ratio, and packet delivery ratio. This Real-World Vehicular Mobility is traced from a part of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The simulation is done by SUMO and NS3 simulators. As a propagation loss model in this simulation, Two Ray Ground and Friis Propagation loss models are considered. When the Friis propagation loss model is applied in the simulation environment along with the real-world vehicular mobility, it results in that routing protocols especially OLSR achieves a good value of receives rate and packet received. In the case of PDR, almost all the routing protocols have a good value. Among these routing protocols, AODV has performed best and achieved an excellent level of PDR. On the other hand, in the Two Ray Ground propagation loss model, almost all the routing protocols have a very low value of packet loss ratio excepts AODV.
1 citations
04 Aug 2022
TL;DR: This work investigated the effect of mobility speed and network density on the efficiency of four VANET protocols using the metrics of packet loss rates, delivery ratio, and average end to end delay to reveal that OLSR had the best performance for having the lowest average delay, while the DSDV had the worst performance.
Abstract: Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a type of network that facilitates communication between vehicles usually on highways or in any environment with vehicular traffic such as a parking space. The dynamic nature of vehicular movements makes VANETs' topology highly unstable and prone to transmission unreliability. Hence, to achieve its major goal of traffic safety and enhanced traffic flow, the research community has identified the need for solutions that address efficient data transmission, ultrafast connectivity, reliable handovers, security, and privacy for vehicles. To achieve this, several routing protocols have been developed in the literature. Some of which include Ad hoc on-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV), and Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR). In this paper, a performance analysis of four of these routing protocols in a realistic environment is carried out. Specifically, this work investigated the effect of mobility speed and network density on the efficiency of four VANET protocols using the metrics of packet loss rates, delivery ratio, and average end to end delay. For the evaluated cases, results reveal that OLSR had the best performance for having the lowest average delay, while the DSDV had the best performance in packet loss rates and delivery ratio.
04 Aug 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the effect of mobility speed and network density on the efficiency of four VANET protocols using the metrics of packet loss rates, delivery ratio, and average end to end delay.
Abstract: Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a type of network that facilitates communication between vehicles usually on highways or in any environment with vehicular traffic such as a parking space. The dynamic nature of vehicular movements makes VANETs' topology highly unstable and prone to transmission unreliability. Hence, to achieve its major goal of traffic safety and enhanced traffic flow, the research community has identified the need for solutions that address efficient data transmission, ultrafast connectivity, reliable handovers, security, and privacy for vehicles. To achieve this, several routing protocols have been developed in the literature. Some of which include Ad hoc on-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV), and Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR). In this paper, a performance analysis of four of these routing protocols in a realistic environment is carried out. Specifically, this work investigated the effect of mobility speed and network density on the efficiency of four VANET protocols using the metrics of packet loss rates, delivery ratio, and average end to end delay. For the evaluated cases, results reveal that OLSR had the best performance for having the lowest average delay, while the DSDV had the best performance in packet loss rates and delivery ratio.
References
More filters
01 Jul 2003
TL;DR: A logging instrument contains a pulsed neutron source and a pair of radiation detectors spaced along the length of the instrument to provide an indication of formation porosity which is substantially independent of the formation salinity.
Abstract: The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is intended for use by mobile nodes in an ad hoc network. It offers quick adaptation to dynamic link conditions, low processing and memory overhead, low network utilization, and determines unicast routes to destinations within the ad hoc network. It uses destination sequence numbers to ensure loop freedom at all times (even in the face of anomalous delivery of routing control messages), avoiding problems (such as "counting to infinity") associated with classical distance vector protocols.
11,490 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: This chapter discusses VANET Convenience and Efficiency Applications, as well as a Design Framework for Realistic Vehicular Mobility Models, and the challenges of Data Security in Vehicular Networks.
Abstract: Foreword. About the Editors. Preface. Acknowledgements. List of Contributors. 1 Introduction (Hannes Hartenstein and Kenneth P. Laberteaux). 1.1 Basic Principles and Challenges. 1.2 Past and Ongoing VANET Activities. 1.3 Chapter Outlines. 1.4 References. 2 Cooperative Vehicular Safety Applications (Derek Caveney). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Enabling Technologies. 2.3 Cooperative System Architecture. 2.4 Mapping for Safety Applications. 2.5 VANET-enabled Active Safety Applications. 2.6 References. 3 Information Dissemination in VANETs (Christian Lochert, Bjorn Scheuermann and Martin Mauve). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Obtaining Local Measurements. 3.3 Information Transport. 3.4 Summarizing Measurements. 3.5 Geographical Data Aggregation. 3.6 Conclusion. 3.7 References. 4 VANET Convenience and Efficiency Applications (Martin Mauve and Bjorn Scheruermann). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Limitations. 4.3 Applications. 4.4 Communication Paradigms. 4.5 Probabilistic, Area-based Aggregation. 4.6 Travel Time Aggregation. 4.7 Conclusion. 4.8 References. 5 Vehicular Mobility Modeling for VANETs (Jerome Harri). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Notation Description. 5.3 Random Models. 5.4 Flow Models. 5.5 Traffic Models. 5.6 Behavioral Models. 5.7 Trace or Survey-based Models. 5.8 Integration with Network Simulators. 5.9 A Design Framework for Realistic Vehicular Mobility Models. 5.10 Discussion and Outlook. 5.11 Conclusion. 5.12 References. 6 Physical Layer Considerations for Vehicular Communications (Ian Tan and Ahmad Bahai). 6.1 Standards Overview. 6.2 Previous Work. 6.3 Wireless Propagation Theory. 6.4 Channel Metrics. 6.5 Measurement Theory. 6.6 Emperical Channel Characterization at 5.9 GHz. 6.7 Future Directions. 6.8 Conclusion. 6.9 Appendix: Deterministic Multipath Channel Derivations. 6.10 Appendix: LTV Channel Response. 6.11 Appendix: Measurement Theory Details. 6.12 References. 7 MAC Layer and Scalability Aspects of Vehicular Communication Networks (Jens Mittag, Felix Schmidt-Eisenlohr, Moritz Killat, Marc Torrent-Moreno and Hannes Hartenstein). 7.1 Introduction: Challenges and Requirements. 7.2 A Survey on Proposed MAC Approaches for VANETs. 7.3 Communication Based on IEEE 802.11p. 7.4 Performance Evaluation and Modeling. 7.5 Aspects of Congestion Control. 7.6 Open Issues and Outlook. 7.7 References. 8 Efficient Application Level Message Coding and Composition (Craig L Robinson). 8.1 Introduction to the Application Environment. 8.2 Message Dispatcher. 8.3 Example Applications. 8.4 Data Sets. 8.5 Predictive Coding. 8.6 Architecture Analysis. 8.7 Conclusion. 8.8 References. 9 Data Security in Vehicular Communication Networks (AndreWeimerskirch, Jason J Haas, Yih-Chun Hu and Kenneth P Laberteaux). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Challenges of Data Security in Vehicular Networks. 9.3 Network, Applications, and Adversarial Model. 9.4 Security Infrastructure. 9.5 Cryptographic Protocols. 9.6 Privacy Protection Mechanisms. 9.7 Implementation Aspects. 9.8 Outlook and Conclusions. 9.9 References. 10 Standards and Regulations (John B Kenney). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Layered Architecture for VANETs. 10.3 DSRC Regulations. 10.4 DSRC Physical Layer Standard. 10.5 DSRC Data Link Layer Standard (MAC and LLC). 10.6 DSRC Middle Layers. 10.7 DSRC Message Sublayer. 10.8 Summary. 10.9 Abbreviations and Acronyms. 10.10 References. Index.
702 citations
"Nakagami Fading Impact on the Perfo..." refers background in this paper
...Vehicular mobility models are considered into five categories according to [12]: • 1....
[...]
TL;DR: This article collect and categorize envisioned applications from various sources and classify the unique network characteristics of vehicular networks, and proposes five distinct communication patterns that form the basis of almost all VANET applications.
Abstract: Vehicular networks are a very promising technology to increase traffic safety and efficiency, and to enable numerous other applications in the domain of vehicular communication. Proposed applications for VANETs have very diverse properties and often require nonstandard communication protocols. Moreover, the dynamics of the network due to vehicle movement further complicates the design of an appropriate comprehensive communication system. In this article we collect and categorize envisioned applications from various sources and classify the unique network characteristics of vehicular networks. Based on this analysis, we propose five distinct communication patterns that form the basis of almost all VANET applications. Both the analysis and the communication patterns shall deepen the understanding of VANETs and simplify further development of VANET communication systems.
362 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the research works that have utilized AI to address various research challenges in V2X systems and summarized the contribution and categorized them according to the application domains.
Abstract: Recently, the advancement in communications, intelligent transportation systems, and computational systems has opened up new opportunities for intelligent traffic safety, comfort, and efficiency solutions. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used to optimize traditional data-driven approaches in different areas of the scientific research. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system together with AI can acquire the information from diverse sources, can expand the driver's perception, and can predict to avoid potential accidents, thus enhancing the comfort, safety, and efficiency of the driving. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the research works that have utilized AI to address various research challenges in V2X systems. We have summarized the contribution of these research works and categorized them according to the application domains. Finally, we present open problems and research challenges that need to be addressed for realizing the full potential of AI to advance V2X systems.
164 citations
TL;DR: A location verification protocol among cooperative neighboring vehicles to overcome an NLOS condition and secure the integrity of localization services for VANETs is presented and the simulation results showed improvement in neighborhood awareness under NLOS conditions.
Abstract: In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), network services and applications (e.g., safety messages) require an exchange of vehicle and event location information. The data are exchanged among vehicles within each vehicle's respective radio communication range through direct communication. In reality, direct communication is susceptible to interference and blocked by physical obstacles, which prevent the proper exchange of information about localization information. Obstacles can create a state of nonline of sight (NLOS) between two vehicles, which restricts direct communication even when corresponding vehicles exist within each other's physical communication range, thus preventing them from exchanging proper data and affecting the localization services' integrity and reliability. Dealing with such obstacles is a challenge in VANETs as moving obstacles such as trucks are parts of the network and have the same characteristics of a VANET node (e.g., high-speed mobility and change of driving behavior). In this paper, we present a location verification protocol among cooperative neighboring vehicles to overcome an NLOS condition and secure the integrity of localization services for VANETs. The simulation results showed improvement in neighborhood awareness under NLOS conditions. A solution such as that we propose will help to maintain localization service integrity and reliability.
127 citations