Nanocatalytic Conversion of Waste Palm Oil Grade III and Poplar Plant’s Wood Sawdust into Fuel
31 Aug 2017-Vol. 6, Iss: 2, pp 1-7
TL;DR: In this article, the pyrolysis oil production from Palm Oil Grade III (POG-III) and popular wood sawdust crude oil was studied and the results revealed the presence of esters, alkanes, alkenes, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon chain in the range C9-C27.
Abstract: The aim of this research was to study the pyrolysis oil production from Palm Oil Grade III (POG-III) and popular wood sawdust crude oil. Today, worldwide studies have been undertaken on the biomass usage and co-conversion of biomass and coal to seek out alternative fuels for supplying energy in an environmental friendly way. Substitute fuels have become more and more vital due to descending petroleum reserves, increasing economic circumstances and awareness of the increased environmental penalties of emissions from petroleumfuelled engines. In this study, biodiesel fuel was manufactured by the nanocatalytic to elucidate their thermal behaviour under pyrolysis conditions and to assess major decomposition products in terms of their yields. Transesterification of Palm Oil Grade III (POG-III) at 80°C temperature by using nano Co as nanocatalyst. The prepared biodiesel was characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS. Results revealed the presence of esters, alkanes, alkenes, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon chain in the range C9-C27. Prepared biodiesel is cost effective and highly efficient. Besides Palm oil popular wood sawdust crude oil was also used. All products were obtained at low temperature and at low atmospheric pressure.
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TL;DR: This review article provides an insight into the technological approach of pyrolysis emphasizing catalytic pyrolynsis for conversion of polymeric wastes into energy products and presents an alternative waste management technique which is a leap towards developing sustainable environment.
80 citations
Cites background from "Nanocatalytic Conversion of Waste P..."
...Finally, development of nano-engineered catalysts with superior characteristics regarding selectivity, activity, durability, as well as recoverability [89, 90, 91, 92], hold huge possibilities which may contribute to solve the current issues in catalytic pyrolysis process [93, 94]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to produce bio-gas, bio-diesel and bio-char from mixed weed biomass of weeds like Carthamous oxyacantha, Asphodelus tenuifolius and Chenopodium album through gasification process using nano-materials as catalysts.
Abstract: In the current scenario of climate change, the search for alternative energy sources is very important to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Undesired biomass (weed) from agricultural fields can be used to produce biofuels through nano catalysts enhanced gasification and process. Lignocellulosic part of weedy plants represents a potential alternative feedstock for economic production of bioethanol. Large numbers of weedy plant species are growing all over the world. However, high energy requirements and poor-quality biofuel products are the major constraints for utilization of this technology. Nanomaterials could be used as a catalyst to enhance the energy use efficiency and product quality. So, present study was conducted to produce bio-gas, bio-diesel and bio-char from mixed weed biomass of weeds like Carthamous oxyacantha, Asphodelus tenuifolius and Chenopodium album through gasification process using nano-materials as catalysts. Nickel and cobalt nano-particles were used as nano-catalysts to expedite the bio-chemical reactions for the generation of these products at lower temperatures i.e. (400 C°) in a muffle furnace. Further, these products were characterized using GC-MS analysis. It was observed that biodiesel contained 65.47% esters, which indicates its better quality than the normally produced biodiesel having 15–20% esters contents. Similarly, GC-MS analysis of biogas produced from mixed weed biomass showed 3.76% Methane, 8.32% Propane, 50.16% Ethene, 3.12% Propyne and 34.64% Methanol. The present results clearly exhibited the improved product quality and better energy use efficiency in gasification of weed biomass for bioenergy production.
33 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest potential utilization of unwanted plants for biofuel production, which can help to share the burden of energy demand, as well as enhance the conversion of biomass to biofuel due to large surface reactivity.
Abstract: While keeping in view various aspects of energy demand, quest for the renewable energy sources is utmost. Biomass has shown great potential as green energy source with supply of approximately 14% of world total energy demand, and great source of carbon capture. It is abundant in various forms including agricultural, forestry residues, and unwanted plants (weeds). The rapid growth of weeds not only affects the yield of the crop, but also has strong consequences on the environment. These weeds can grow with minimum nutrient input requirements, have strong ability to grow at various soil and climate environments with high value of cellulose, thus can be valuable source of energy production. Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Cannabis sativa L. have been employed for the production of biofuels (biogas, biodiesel and biochar) through nano-catalytic gasification by employing Co and Ni as nanocatalysts. Nanocatalysts were synthesized through well-established sol–gel method. SEM study confirms the spherical morphology of the nanocatalysts with size distribution of 20–50 nm. XRD measurements reveal that fabricated nanocatalysts have pure standard crystal structure without impurity. During gasification of Cannabis sativa L., we have extracted the 53.33% of oil, 34.66% of biochar and 12% gas whereas in the case of Parthenium hysterophorus L. 44% oil, 38.36% biochar and 17.66% of gas was measured. Electrical conductivity in biochar of Cannabis sativa L. and Parthenium hysterophorus L. was observed 0.4 dSm−1 and 0.39 dSm−1, respectively. Present study presents the conversion of unwanted plants Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Cannabis sativa L. weeds to biofuels. Nanocatalysts help to enhance the conversion of biomass to biofuel due to large surface reactivity. Our findings suggest potential utilization of unwanted plants for biofuel production, which can help to share the burden of energy demand. Biochar produced during gasification can replace chemical fertilizers for soil remediation and to enhance the crop productivity.
9 citations
24 Mar 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, proteins were extracted from defatted black soldier fly (BSF) exuviae by green hydrolysis using superheated water at 150 °C for 20 h, and the remaining chitin was deacetylated into chitosan and used as a finishing agent for polyester fabrics.
Abstract: Interest in insects as waste biomass bioconverters and their use as valuable resources for fat, proteins, and chitin has increased considerably in the last few years. In this study, proteins were extracted from defatted black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) exuviae by green hydrolysis using superheated water at 150 °C for 20 h, and the remaining chitin was deacetylated into chitosan and used as a finishing agent for polyester fabrics. A total amount of 7% fat, 40% proteins, and 20% chitin was obtained from BSF exuviae. Different hydrolysis times ranging from 1 to 20 h were tried until the complete purification of chitin. The purity of chitin and the obtained chitosan after deacetylation was assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. A preliminary study was successfully carried out to use the obtained chitosan as a finishing agent for polyester pretreated fabrics using citric acid as a grafting agent. The presence of chitosan on the fabric was verified by scanning electron microscopy and by dyeing of the pretreated polyester fabric using a reactive dye with sulfonated groups that are able to be absorbed by electrostatic attraction because of the created cationic nature of the fiber surface treated by chitosan.
7 citations