Nanodiamonds : applications in biology and nanoscale medicine
01 Jan 2010-
TL;DR: The design of Nanodiamond Based Drug Delivery Patch for Cancer Therapeutics and Imaging Applications and the development and use of Fluorescent nanodiamonds as Cellular Markers are studied.
Abstract: Single-Nano Buckydiamond Particles.- Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Nanodiamond Graphitization.- The Fundamental Properties and Characteristics of Nanodiamonds.- Detonation Nanodiamond Particles Processing, Modification and Bioapplications.- Functionalization of Nanodiamond for Specific Biorecognition.- Development and Use of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds as Cellular Markers.- Nanodiamond-Mediated Delivery of Therapeutics via Particle and Thin Film Architectures.- Polymeric Encapsulation of Nanodiamond-Chemotherapeutic Complexes for Localized Cancer Treatment.- Protein-Nanodiamond Complexes for Cellular Surgery.- Microfluidic Platforms for Nanoparticle Delivery and Nanomanufacturing in Biology and Medicine.- Biomechanics of Single Cells and Cell Populations.- Design of Nanodiamond Based Drug Delivery Patch for Cancer Therapeutics and Imaging Applications.
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TL;DR: The rational control of the mechanical, chemical, electronic and optical properties of nanodiamonds through surface doping, interior doping and the introduction of functional groups are discussed.
Abstract: Nanodiamonds have excellent mechanical and optical properties, high surface areas and tunable surface structures. They are also non-toxic, which makes them well suited to biomedical applications. Here we review the synthesis, structure, properties, surface chemistry and phase transformations of individual nanodiamonds and clusters of nanodiamonds. In particular we discuss the rational control of the mechanical, chemical, electronic and optical properties of nanodiamonds through surface doping, interior doping and the introduction of functional groups. These little gems have a wide range of potential applications in tribology, drug delivery, bioimaging and tissue engineering, and also as protein mimics and a filler material for nanocomposites.
2,351 citations
TL;DR: An experimental study of the longitudinal electron-spin relaxation time (T1) of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond as a function of temperature and magnetic field reveals three processes responsible for T1 relaxation.
Abstract: We present an experimental study of the longitudinal electron-spin relaxation time (T1) of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) ensembles in diamond. T1 was studied as a function of temperature from 5 to 475 K and magnetic field from 0 to 630 G for several samples with various NV and nitrogen concentrations. Our studies reveal three processes responsible for T1 relaxation. Above room temperature, a two-phonon Raman process dominates; below room temperature, we observe an Orbach-type process with an activation energy of 73(4) meV, which closely matches the local vibrational modes of the NV center. At yet lower temperatures, sample dependent cross-relaxation processes dominate, resulting in temperature independent values of T1 from milliseconds to minutes. The value of T1 in this limit depends sensitively on the magnetic field and can be tuned by more than 1 order of magnitude.
361 citations
TL;DR: An adsorption model for a variety of functional molecules on the ND clusters is proposed, which provides new ideas for developing a novel smart drug with various features such as sustained-release, targeting, and fluorescence imaging.
Abstract: Nanodiamonds (NDs), as a new member of the carbon nanoparticles family, have attracted more and more attention in biomedicine recently due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. This paper summarizes the main results from the in vitro and in vivo safety assessments of NDs and reports the application of NDs in the development of drug delivery systems. In view of the NDs' characteristics of easy formation of a porous cluster structure in solution, an adsorption model for a variety of functional molecules on the ND clusters is proposed, which provides new ideas for developing a novel smart drug with various features such as sustained-release, targeting, and fluorescence imaging.
332 citations
TL;DR: The ability of the family of carbon nanomaterial-based scaffolds and their critical role in bone tissue engineering research are discussed in this paper, where the significant stimulating effects on cell growth, low cytotoxicity, efficient nutrient delivery in the scaffold microenvironment, suitable functionalized chemical structures to facilitate cell-cell communication, and improvement in cell spreading are the main advantages of carbon Nanomaterials for bone tissue Engineering.
240 citations
Cites background from "Nanodiamonds : applications in biol..."
...These particles are very rigid, biocompatible, conductive, electrically resistant and chemically stable [170]....
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TL;DR: It is found that the intradermally administered 100-nm FND particles can be drained from the injection sites by macrophages and selectively accumulated in the axillary lymph nodes of the treated mice.
239 citations