Nanomaterials: An Introduction
01 Jan 2021-Vol. 16, pp 1-27
Abstract: Nanotechnology offers a significant advantage in science, engineering, medicine, medical surgery, foods, packing, clothes, robotics, and computing from the beginning of the twenty-first century. As the potential scientific discovery always contains some good and bad effects on human civilization and the environment, nanotechnology is not an exception. The major drawbacks include economic disruption along with imposing threats to security, privacy, health, and environment. The introduction of the chapter discusses the historical background of nanotechnology. Later it also discusses the advancement of nanotechnology to date with its benefits. Major drawbacks of nanotechnology arise in human health due to the enormous involvement in medicine, food, agriculture, etc. This chapter also deals with environmental nano pollution and its effect on society, highlighting the social-economic disruption due to the rapid use of nanotechnology. Nano pollution affects not only human beings but also other living beings like microorganisms, animals and plants, which are briefly reviewed. This chapter also demonstrates the safety and security of nanotechnological developments, current policy and regulation status, challenges, and future trends. Finally, it is concluded, while nanotechnology offers more efficient power sources, faster and modern computers and technologies, life-saving medical treatments, but due to some negative impacts, it bounds us to think twice before any further advanced technological applications.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a nanosecond pulse laser-assisted photoporation using titanium-oxide nanotubes (TNT) for highly efficient intracellular delivery has been established.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present diverse aptamer-functionalized hybrid nanomaterial conjugates designs and their applications for sensing and decontamination, and several isolated aptamer sequences for algal toxins are addressed in this review.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber sensor with 10 layers of graphene on the surface plasmon of gold is proposed for tuning refractive index (RI) sensitivity in the visible and IR regions.
Abstract: A simple design of a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber sensor with 10 layers of graphene on the surface plasmon of gold is proposed for tuning refractive index (RI) sensitivity in the visible and IR regions. The proposed structure has been simulated by optimizing the mesh size and the method of finite-difference eigenmode. By tuning the chemical potential of graphene ( μ c ), we realize tunable and enhanced RI sensing for a wide RI range from 1.35 to 1.42. The maximum wavelength sensitivities of the proposed sensor are 5200 nm/RIU, 6000 nm/RIU, and 7500 nm/RIU for μ c = 0.8 e v , 1.0 ev, and 1.2 ev, respectively. Further, sensor characteristic parameters such as amplitude sensitivity, resolution, and figure of merit have been investigated for different chemical potentials. All dramatic changes in sensor parameters show an advancement plan to control and tune RI-based optical sensors assisted by graphene.
6 citations
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors focused on the collateral effects of the nanoparticles on the human and environmental health and proposed a method to assess and assess NP environmental effect, interactions with live creatures, and their accumulation in ecosystems.
Abstract: The development of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture and environment during recent times has significantly advanced the area and paved the way for future nanotechnologies. Though the substantial effect of the particle size on the material toxicities has been well recognized, however, the effect of the particle size on the nanoparticle behavior and reactivity is not well known. Currently, nanoparticles are used to tackle the environment pollution in terms of removal of toxins from water, soil, sewage, and air. They have also been employed in environmental instrumentation, including sensors, green nanotechnology, and greenhouse gas reduction. However, apart from these, there are some harmful effects of the nanoparticles on the environment. Therefore, using NPs in remediation treatments is not a short-term solution. However, it is critical to study and assess NP environmental effect, interactions with live creatures, and their accumulation in ecosystems. Considering all these factors, the current chapter is focused on the study of the collateral effects of the nanoparticles on the human and environmental health.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors have fabricated cellulose-based films hybridized with chitosan and g-C3N4 for visible light-induced removal of methylene blue and Cr (VI) ions from water.
References
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TL;DR: A simple fluorescence method for detection of cyanide sensitively and selectively based on the dissolution of polymer-coated gold nanoparticles by cyanide, which worked well in the above water samples, with a good linear correlation.
Abstract: We report a simple fluorescence method for detection of cyanide sensitively and selectively based on the dissolution of polymer-coated gold nanoparticles by cyanide. The lowest concentration for quantification of cyanide ions was 3.0×10(-7) M, and other common anions nearly have no influence. Furthermore, several real water samples spiked with cyanide, including local groundwater, tap water, boiled water, and lake water, were analyzed, and the experimental results demonstrated that our sensing system worked well in the above water samples, with a good linear correlation.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of self-organized titanium oxide nanotube layer by anodic oxidation on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and its influence on growth of apatite on the anodized sample was investigated by immersion in Hanks' solution for 1 and 7 days.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this review, this review of the recent advances in single-cell technologies and their applications insingle-cell manipulation, diagnosis, and therapeutics development are described.
Abstract: The investigation of human disease mechanisms is difficult due to the heterogeneity in gene expression and the physiological state of cells in a given population. In comparison to bulk cell measurements, single-cell measurement technologies can provide a better understanding of the interactions among molecules, organelles, cells, and the microenvironment, which can aid in the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. In recent years, single-cell technologies have become increasingly robust and accessible, although limitations exist. In this review, we describe the recent advances in single-cell technologies and their applications in single-cell manipulation, diagnosis, and therapeutics development.
63 citations
TL;DR: The sections in this article are==================PREGNOParticles as discussed by the authors, NNOParticles, Magnetic Nanoparticles, NANOFiltration, Water Treatment, and Groundwater Remediation.
Abstract: The sections in this article are
1.1
Introduction
1.2
More Efficient Resource and Energy Consumption
1.3
Pollution Detection and Sensing
1.4
Water Treatment
1.4.1
Adsorption of Pollutants
1.4.2
Magnetic Nanoparticles
1.4.3
Nanofiltration
1.4.4
Degradation of Pollutants
1.4.5
Zerovalent Iron
1.5
Soil and Groundwater Remediation
1.6
Environmental Risks
1.6.1
Behavior in the Environment
1.6.2
Ecotoxicology
1.7
Conclusions
Keywords:
nanotechnology;
nanoparticles;
pollution;
water;
soil;
environmental protection
63 citations
TL;DR: The use of pharmacological inhibition to probe internalization and intracellular trafficking pathways of nanoparticles is critically evaluated and approaches to target-specific delivery of therapeutics via nanoparticles into the cytoplasm and nucleus are addressed.
Abstract: Nanomaterials promise to improve disease diagnosis and treatment by enhancing the delivery of drugs, genes, biomolecules and imaging agents to specific subcellular targets. In order to optimize nanomaterial design for this purpose, a comprehensive understanding of how these materials are taken up and transported within the cell is required. In this review, we discuss the endocytic pathways employed by different types of nanoparticles with emphasis on the influence of nanoparticle surface modification. The use of pharmacological inhibition to probe internalization and intracellular trafficking pathways of nanoparticles is critically evaluated. Finally, approaches to target-specific delivery of therapeutics via nanoparticles into the cytoplasm and nucleus are addressed.
62 citations