Nanotechnology: An Innovative Way for Wastewater Treatment and Purification
01 Jan 2019-pp 95-131
TL;DR: In this modern era, nanotechnology is offering great potential for the treatment of wastewater in an extraordinary way as compared to the commercial methods as mentioned in this paper, due to their unique activity towards contaminants.
Abstract: In this modern era, nanotechnology is offering great potential for the treatment of wastewater in an extraordinary way as compared to the commercial methods. Traditional wastewater treatments involve high costs and deal with heavy metals. Use of nanomaterials for cleaning wastewater is a recent approach. On the contrary, use of various novel nanomaterials synthesized in-situ for the treatment of wastewater reduced with different pollutants, such as organic and inorganic content, toxic heavy metal ions have been exemplified, due to their unique activity towards contaminants. The fields of nano-biotechnology and nanotechnology are under active research for the application of wastewater treatment. Nanoparticles consist of many strategies such as ultrafiltration membrane, osmosis, sorption, nano-filtration degradation, advanced oxidation process and water remediation as well as disinfection through nanomaterials. In wastewater, the eliminating contaminant concentration efficiency of nanoparticles is dependent upon the physical and chemical characteristics of nanomaterial, the contaminant, and wastewater. Actually various nanoparticles channel with nanofibers, and carbon nanotubes are one of the developing items which are used as a part of nanotechnology.
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13 Jul 2020
TL;DR: The main objective of this review was to analyze the principles of bioremediation assisted by nanomaterials, nanoparticles (NPs) included, and their interaction with environmental matrices and the response of living organisms employed to remediate the contaminants in the presence of nanommaterials.
Abstract: Contaminants, organic or inorganic, represent a threat for the environment and human health and in recent years their presence and persistence has increased rapidly. For this reason, several technologies including bioremediation in combination with nanotechnology have been explored to identify more systemic approaches for their removal from environmental matrices. Understanding the interaction between the contaminant, the microorganism, and the nanomaterials (NMs) is of crucial importance since positive and negative effects may be produced. For example, some nanomaterials are stimulants for microorganisms, while others are toxic. Thus, proper selection is of paramount importance. The main objective of this review was to analyze the principles of bioremediation assisted by nanomaterials, nanoparticles (NPs) included, and their interaction with environmental matrices. It also analyzed the response of living organisms employed to remediate the contaminants in the presence of nanomaterials. Besides, we discuss the international regulatory frame applicable to these technologies and how they might contribute to sustainability.
72 citations
TL;DR: The larvicidal efficacy of mycogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) were tested against white grubs, a potent pest of sugarcane in western Uttar Pradesh (India) and the minimal lethal dosage of ZONPs was established to prepare effective larv suicidal formulations againstwhite grub infection with minimal toxicity to the environment.
Abstract: In the present study, the larvicidal efficacy of mycogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) were tested against white grubs, a potent pest of sugarcane in western Uttar Pradesh (India). The ZONPs were synthesized using Aspergillus niger biomass and characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). the parts per million (ppm) concentration of synthesized ZONPs was established by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) technique and several ppm dilutions were prepared to determine 50% lethal dose (LD50). The UV–Vis spectroscopy showed peaks at 240, 290, 340, and 380 nm, corresponding to ZONPs. The FESEM results also confirmed the synthesis of nano-sized particles. EDX analysis result showed the optical absorption peaks specific to ZONPs. The DLS result confirmed the synthesis of ZONPs with sizes ranging from 76.2 to 183.8 nm. The FTIR spectrum analysis confirmed the presence of various functional group interactions in the nanoparticle sample. The ZONPs were tested against the first instar larvae of white grubs. The LD50 was calculated to be 12.63 ppm which still needs to be validated for significance. In the near future, we are planning to establish the minimal lethal dosage of ZONPs to prepare effective larvicidal formulations against white grub infection with minimal toxicity to the environment.
30 citations
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesized the Cu2MgSnS4 modified BaTiO3 (CMTS@BTO) and demonstrated remarkable piezocatalytic degradation against organic contaminants and microbes.
13 citations
TL;DR: All the three PdO nanosuspension are toxic in nature to both the cells and to genome, although, bishexadecyltrimethyl ammonium palladium tetrachloride (PdCTAC) Ns was found to be the most cytotoxic and genotoxic.
10 citations
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TL;DR: This critical review shows the basis of photocatalytic water splitting and experimental points, and surveys heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting into H2 and O2, and H2 or O2 evolution from an aqueous solution containing a sacrificial reagent.
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TL;DR: In this article, the up-to-date development of the above-mentioned technologies applied to TiO 2 photocatalytic hydrogen production is reviewed, based on the studies reported in the literature, metal ion-implantation and dye sensitization are very effective methods to extend the activating spectrum to the visible range.
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Abstract: H A conceptual model for water and waste water filtration processes is presented and compared with the results of laboratory experiments. Efficient filtration involves both particle destabilization and particle transport. Destabilization in filtration is similar to destabilization in coagulation; effective coagulants are observed to be effective “filter aids.” Particle transport in filtration is analogous to transport in flocculation processes. A particle size with a minimum contact opportunity exists ; smaller particles are transported by diffusion while larger particles are transported by interception and settling. Applications of these concepts to water and waste water filtration are presented.
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TL;DR: In this paper, different types of water treatment and recycling techniques have been discussed in terms of their basic principles, applications, costs, maintenance and suitability, and a brief guideline for the selection of the appropriate technologies for specific applications has been evaluated.
Abstract: The global population is increasing and because of this, the world may experience great fresh water scarcity. Our water resources are limited and, hence, water treatment and recycling methods are the only alternatives for getting fresh water in the coming decades. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of a suitable, inexpensive and rapid wastewater treatment techniques and reuse or conservation methods in the present century. The different types of water treatment and recycling techniques have been discussed in terms of their basic principles, applications, costs, maintenance and suitability. Additionally, a systematic approach to water treatment and recycling involving their understanding, evaluation and selection parameters has been presented. A brief guideline for the selection of the appropriate technologies for specific applications has been evaluated. This review adds to the global discussions on water scarcity solutions.
1,296 citations