National foreign policies and European political cooperation

Behind complementarity and transparency: The politics of the European security and defence identity∗

Neo-functionalist and intergovemmentalist theories of regional integration have been reasserted in recent analyses of European Community (EC) politics. This essay examines the ability of hypotheses drawn from these theories to clarify the politics leading to the 1989 Social Charter in the EC. It is found that a linkage politics model, based in part upon neo- functionalism and intergovernmentalism but which also emphasizes the impact of interest group organization on regional bargaining, best explains this case. The essay concludes with suggestions for reformulations of regional integration theory.

European Integration after the SEA: The Case of the Social Charter:

Angesichts eines grundlegenden Strukturbruchs in den internationalen und europaischen Beziehungen und eines somit radikal gewandelten ausen-und sicherheitspolitischen Umfeldes fur die franzosische Ausenpolitik in Europa mus zwangslaufig die doppelte Frage nach der Art und Angemessenheit der franzosischen Reaktion auf veranderte internationale Rahmenbedingungen auftauchen.

Frankreich und die Europäische Union: Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik im EG-Rahmen?

This study applies the Mazmanian and Sabatier model for successful policy implementation to the application of EC environmental Directives in the United Kingdom. Using two areas of air pollution — vehicle emissions and large combustion plant emissions — the applicability of the Mazmanian and Sabatier framework is assessed with regard to (a) the environmental policy arena and (b) the British policy style. The Mazmanian and Sabatier model suggests that six conditions must be met for successful policy implementation to occur. These conditions incorporate five variables: legislation, science and technology, state institutions, target groups and external factors. The implementation of EC Directives 91/441 and 92/55, regulating automobile exhaust emissions, met all six conditions suggested by the model and was successful in achieving the stipulated policy goals. The implementation of EC Directive 88/609, controlling SO 2 and NO emissions from large combustion plants, failed to meet any of the conditions. Nonetheless, the UK was successful in attaining the Directive’s targets. It is suggested that the Mazmanian and Sabatier model for successful policy implementation is not useful, as a predictive tool, to the cases studied here. The framework, derived from American practice and experience, does not appear to fit with the British policy style and the implementation of EC environmental Directives in the UK.

/pdf/the-implementation-of-european-community-environmental-qvtg3uim9b.pdf

The implementation of European Community environmental directives in the United Kingdom

This article highlights one aspect of the dilemma between the widening and deepening of integration which is becoming particularly acute in the context of the recent profound transformations in the European system. It analyses the effects of Pan-Europeanization and enlargement (including German "enlargement") on political integration, defined as the creation of a distinct European identity in foreign policy and security policy. Approaching the question from both a theoretical and empirical perspective, the author argues that on the whole the liberation of Eastern Europe and the pressure for Pan-European cooperation will function as an external catalyst on European integration: The political integration system will be reactivated by the pressure of expectations from Eastern Europe and it will be fed with new functional tasks. The legitimacy of the European unification process will be broadened as a consequence of the EC's new Pan-European role, and the more manifest German problem will unleash centripetal ...

National foreign policies and European political cooperation

Citations

Behind complementarity and transparency: The politics of the European security and defence identity∗

European Integration after the SEA: The Case of the Social Charter:

Frankreich und die Europäische Union: Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik im EG-Rahmen?

The implementation of European Community environmental directives in the United Kingdom

Problems of Enlargement: Political Integration in a Pan-European EC

Related Papers (5)

The Actors in Europe's Foreign Policy

European Political Cooperation

CHAPTER ONE – European Political Cooperation: a new approach to European foreign policy

Europe's Foreign and Security Policy: The Institutionalization of Cooperation

European Political Cooperation in the 1980s :: a common foreign policy for Western Europe?