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Journal ArticleDOI

Natural organic matter removal by coagulation during drinking water treatment: A review

TL;DR: Most of the NOM can be removed by coagulation, although, the hydrophobic fraction and high molar mass compounds of NOM are removed more efficiently than hydrophilic fraction and the low molarmass compounds.
About: This article is published in Advances in Colloid and Interface Science.The article was published on 2010-09-15. It has received 1106 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Water treatment & Coagulation (water treatment).
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a critical review on recent studies of coagulation-flocculation treatment processes of various industrial wastewaters is presented, where the limitations and challenges for the coagulated-fluctuation process such as toxicity and health hazard posed by inorganic coagulants, production of large amount of toxic sludge, ineffectiveness in removing heavy metals and emerging contaminants, increase in effluent color, inefficient pollutant removal using natural coagULants, and complexity of scaling up procedure are presented.
Abstract: Increasing environmental awareness coupled with more stringent regulation standards has triggered various industries to challenge themselves in seeking appropriate wastewater treatment technologies. Coagulation–flocculation process is regarded as one of the most important and widely used treatment processes of industrial wastewaters due to its simplicity and effectiveness. This paper provides a critical review on recent studies of coagulation–flocculation treatment processes of various industrial wastewaters. The limitations and challenges for the coagulation–flocculation process such as the toxicity and health hazard posed by inorganic coagulants, production of large amount of toxic sludge, ineffectiveness in removing heavy metals and emerging contaminants, increase in effluent color, inefficient pollutant removal using natural coagulants, and complexity of scaling up procedure are presented. In addition, an overview on the influence of process parameters on treatment efficiency is included in this revie...

686 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the methods used for characterisation and quantification of NOM in relation to drinking water treatment can be found in this paper, where a number of methods have been proposed for NOM removal with varying degrees of success.

620 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Ran Yang1, Haijiang Li1, Mu Huang1, Hu Yang1, Aimin Li1 
TL;DR: The influence of structural elements of the chitosan-based flocculants on their flocculation properties are emphasized in this review by examining different flocculations mechanisms and their applications in the treatment of various wastewaters containing different pollutants.

486 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The electrocoagulation (EC) process is an electrochemical means of introducing coagulants and removing suspended solids, colloidal material, and metals, as well as other dissolved solids from water and wastewaters as discussed by the authors.

429 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: With the increased fluctuation of NOM in water (concentration and composition), the efficiency of conventional coagulation was substantially reduced, hence the need to develop enhanced coagulated processes by optimizing the operating conditions, developing more efficient inorganic or organic coagulants, as well as coupling coagulations with other water treatment technologies.

426 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The first part of the book as mentioned in this paper is a general overview of the amount and general nature of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters, and the second part is a summary of the data that has accumulated from many disciplines over the last decade.
Abstract: This book is written as a reference on organic substances in natural waters and as a supplementary text for graduate students in water chemistry. The chapters address five topics: amount, origin, nature, geochemistry, and characterization of organic carbon. Of these topics, the main themes are the amount and nature of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters (mainly fresh water, although seawater is briefly discussed). It is hoped that the reader is familiar with organic chemistry, but it is not necessary. The first part of the book is a general overview of the amount and general nature of dissolved organic carbon. Over the past 10 years there has been an exponential increase in knowledge on organic substances in water, which is the result of money directed toward the research of organic compounds, of new methods of analysis (such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry), and most importantly, the result of more people working in this field. Because of this exponential increase in knowledge, there is a need to pull together and summarize the data that has accumulated from many disciplines over the last decade.

2,803 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A survey of disinfection byproduct (DBP) occurrence in the United States was conducted at 12 drinking water treatment plants to obtain quantitative occurrence information for new DBPs (beyond those currently regulated and/or studied) for prioritizing future health effects studies.
Abstract: A survey of disinfection byproduct (DBP) occurrence in the United States was conducted at 12 drinking water treatment plants. In addition to currently regulated DBPs, more than 50 DBPs that rated a high priority for potential toxicity were studied. These priority DBPs included iodinated trihalomethanes (THMs), other halomethanes, a nonregulated haloacid, haloacetonitriles, haloketones, halonitromethanes, haloaldehydes, halogenated furanones, haloamides, and nonhalogenated carbonyls. The purpose of this study was to obtain quantitative occurrence information for new DBPs (beyond those currently regulated and/or studied) for prioritizing future health effects studies. An effort was made to select plants treating water that was high in total organic carbon and/or bromide to enable the detection of priority DBPs that contained bromine and/or iodine. THMs and haloacetic acids (HAAs) represented the two major classes of halogenated DBPs formed on a weight basis. Haloacetaldehydes represented the third major cla...

1,443 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed understanding of the sweep flocculation mechanism is provided, especially with regard to the role of charge neutralization and hydroxide precipitation. But the results can be reasonably well explained in terms of established ideas, and there are also some uncertainties regarding the action of pre-hydrolysed coagulants.

1,424 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is a focus on polymers for primary coagulation, their use as coagulant aids, in the recycling of filter backwash waters, and in sludge thickening.

1,194 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents an in-depth discussion and consideration of the factors that need to be addressed for optimum performance of this technology.

1,125 citations