Journal ArticleDOI
Necrotizing enterocolitis: have we made any progress in reducing the risk?
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TLDR
The pathophysiology and causes of NEC are discussed, and the development of several strategies investigated regarding risk reduction of this devastating disease are presented.Abstract:
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease affecting premature infants with potentially devastating complications in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Inadequate knowledge regarding the underlying pathophysiology of this disease has contributed to the minimal progress made in decreasing the incidence and severity of NEC. Because of an improved survival rate of the most immature infants, the number of diagnosed cases of NEC is anticipated to increase. Unfortunately, decades of research have failed to reduce the risk or improve the prognosis of NEC, magnifying the need for risk-reduction strategies for decreasing significant NEC-related morbidity and mortality. Advancements in our understanding of this disease process have facilitated the development of several strategies that have been investigated in the risk reduction of NEC. This article discusses the pathophysiology and causes of NEC and presents strategies investigated regarding risk reduction of this devastating disease.read more
Citations
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Human milk oligosaccharides: Every baby needs a sugar mama
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Effects of Flavonoids and other Polyphenols on Inflammation
Raquel González,Isabel Ballester,Rocío López-Posadas,María Dolores Suárez,Antonio Zarzuelo,Olga Martínez-Augustin,F. Sánchez de Medina +6 more
TL;DR: There is substantial consistency in the effects of these compounds despite considerable structural variations, and at present there is a gap in knowledge of in vitro and in vivo effects, although the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids has advanced considerably in the last decade.
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Innate Immune Function by Toll-like Receptors: Distinct Responses in Newborns and the Elderly
TL;DR: Development patterns of distinct Toll-like-receptor-mediated immune responses come to light when one contrasts innate immune development at the beginning of life with that toward the end of life, and these developmental patterns of innate cytokine responses correlate with clinical patterns of susceptibility to disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fecal microbiota in premature infants prior to necrotizing enterocolitis.
Volker Mai,Christopher Young,Maria Ukhanova,Xiaoyu Wang,Yijun Sun,George Casella,Douglas W. Theriaque,Nan Li,Renu Sharma,Mark L. Hudak,Josef Neu +10 more
TL;DR: The authors' observations suggest that abnormal patterns of microbiota and potentially a novel pathogen contribute to the etiology of NEC, a common disease in preterm infants.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging
Martin J. Bell,Jessie L. Ternberg,Ralph D. Feigin,James P. Keating,Richard Marshall,Leslie L. Barton,Thomas Brotherton +6 more
TL;DR: These studies support the use of combination antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of infants with NEC and suggest vigorous diagnostic and supportive measures are appropriate for Stage I infants.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Exclusively Human Milk-Based Diet Is Associated with a Lower Rate of Necrotizing Enterocolitis than a Diet of Human Milk and Bovine Milk-Based Products
Sandra E. Sullivan,Richard J. Schanler,Jae H. Kim,Aloka L. Patel,Rudolf Trawöger,Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer,Gary M. Chan,Cynthia L. Blanco,Steven A. Abrams,C. Michael Cotten,Nirupama Laroia,Richard A. Ehrenkranz,Golde Dudell,Elizabeth Cristofalo,Paula P. Meier,Martin Lee,David J. Rechtman,Alan Lucas +17 more
TL;DR: For extremely premature infants, an exclusively human milk-based diet is associated with significantly lower rates of NEC and surgical NEC when compared with a mother's milk- based diet that also includes bovine Milk-based products.
Journal ArticleDOI
Randomized trial of donor human milk versus preterm formula as substitutes for mothers' own milk in the feeding of extremely premature infants.
TL;DR: It is found that, as a substitute for MM, DM offered little observed short-term advantage over PF for feeding extremely premature infants, butvantages to an exclusive diet of MM were observed in terms of fewer infection-related events and shorter hospital stays.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lactobacillus Sepsis Associated With Probiotic Therapy
Michael H. Land,Kelly Rouster-Stevens,Charles R. Woods,Michael L. Cannon,James Cnota,Avinash K. Shetty +5 more
TL;DR: It is indicated, for the first time, that invasive disease can be associated with probiotic lactobacilli and this report should serve as a reminder that these agents can cause invasive disease in certain populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Updated Meta-analysis of Probiotics for Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
TL;DR: The results confirm the significant benefits of probiotic supplements in reducing death and disease in preterm neonates and indicate that additional placebo-controlled trials are unnecessary if a suitable probiotic product is available.