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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Need for development of dietary assessment device for free living environment-a survey

05 Mar 2015-pp 1-7
TL;DR: Various method involving energy intake and energy expenditure and need for accurate long term dietary assessment technique for free living individuals are discussed and analysed.
Abstract: Currently more than 1 billion adults are overweight -and at least 300 million of them are clinically obese. Article from World Health Organisation mentioned that obese is the major cause for Diabetics, cardio vascular problem and cancer. Change in food habits and lack of physical activities are the main reason for obese. Daily food choices affect our short term and long term health. By monitoring food intake we can assess the person food habit, in this paper we discussed and analyse various method involving energy intake and energy expenditure and need for accurate long term dietary assessment technique for free living individuals.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a mathematical model which accounts for formation of hand trajectories by defining an objective function, a measure of performance for any possible movement: square of the rate of change of torque integrated over the entire movement.
Abstract: In this paper, we study trajectory planning and control in voluntary, human arm movements. When a hand is moved to a target, the central nervous system must select one specific trajectory among an infinite number of possible trajectories that lead to the target position. First, we discuss what criterion is adopted for trajectory determination. Several researchers measured the hand trajectories of skilled movements and found common invariant features. For example, when moving the hand between a pair of targets, subjects tended to generate roughly straight hand paths with bell-shaped speed profiles. On the basis of these observations and dynamic optimization theory, we propose a mathematical model which accounts for formation of hand trajectories. This model is formulated by defining an objective function, a measure of performance for any possible movement: square of the rate of change of torque integrated over the entire movement. That is, the objective function C T is defined as follows: $$C_T = \frac{1}{2}{}^t\int\limits_0^f {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {\left( {\frac{{{\text{d}}z_i }}{{{\text{d}}t}}} \right)^2 {\text{d}}t,} } $$ where z iis the torque generated by the i-th actuator (muslce) out of n actuators, and t fis the movement time. Since this objective function critically depends on the complex nonlinear dynamics of the musculoskeletal system, it is very difficult to determine the unique trajectory which yields the best performance. We overcome this difficult by developing an iterative scheme, with which the optimal trajectory and the associated motor command are simultaneously computed. To evaluate our model, human hand trajectories were experimentally measured under various behavioral situations. These results supported the idea that the human hand trajectory is planned and controlled in accordance with the minimum torquechange criterion.

1,584 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper provides the first comprehensive review of studies in which EI was reported and EE was measured using the doubly labeled water technique and conclusively demonstrate widespread bias to the underestimation of EI.
Abstract: Energy intake (EI) is the foundation of the diet, because all other nutrients must be provided within the quantity of food needed to fulfill the energy requirement. Thus if total EI is underestimated, it is probable that the intakes of other nutrients are also underestimated. Under conditions of weight stability, EI equals energy expenditure (EE). Because at the group level weight may be regarded as stable in the timescale of a dietary assessment, the validity of reported EI can be evaluated by comparing it with either measured EE or an estimate of the energy requirement of the population. This paper provides the first comprehensive review of studies in which EI was reported and EE was measured using the doubly labeled water technique. These conclusively demonstrate widespread bias to the underestimation of EI. Because energy requirements of populations or individuals can be conveniently expressed as multiples of the basal metabolic rate (BMR), EE:BMR, reported EI may also be expressed as EI:BMR for comparison. Values of EI:BMR falling below the 95% confidence limit of agreement between these two measures signify the presence of underreporting. A formula for calculating the lower 95% confidence limit was proposed by Goldberg et al. (the Goldberg cutoff). It has been used by numerous authors to identify individual underreporters in different dietary databases to explore the variables associated with underreporting. These studies are also comprehensively reviewed. They explore the characteristics of underreporters and the biases in estimating nutrient intake and in describing meal patterns associated with underreporting. This review also examines some of the problems for the interpretation of data introduced by underreporting and particularly by variable underreporting across subjects. Future directions for research are identified.

1,109 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: This chapter reviews major dietary assessment methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and validity; describes which dietary Assessment methods are appropriate for different types of studies and populations; and discusses specific issues that relate to all methods.
Abstract: The intent of this chapter is to enhance understanding of various dietary assessment methods so that the most appropriate method for a particular need is chosen. This review focuses only on individual level food intake assessment. It is intended to serve as a resource for those who wish to assess diet in a research study using individual measurements for group level analysis. The chapter reviews major dietary assessment methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and validity; describes which dietary assessment methods are appropriate for different types of studies and populations; and discusses specific issues that relate to all methods.

873 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
18 May 2002-BMJ
TL;DR: This study used a newly developed paper diary that could objectively record when patients made diary entries in order to compare patients' reported and actual compliance with diary keeping, and used an electronic diary designed to enhance compliance inorder to assess what compliance rates might be achieved.
Abstract: Doctors often ask patients to recall recent health experiences, such as pain, fatigue, and quality of life1 Research has shown, however, that recall is unreliable and rife with inaccuracies and biases2 Recognition of recall's shortcomings has led to the use of diaries, which are intended to capture experiences close to the time of occurrence, thus limiting recall bias and producing more accurate data3 The rationale for using diaries would be undermined if patients failed to complete diaries according to protocol In this study we used a newly developed paper diary that could objectively record when patients made diary entries in order to compare patients' reported and actual compliance with diary keeping For comparison, we also used an electronic diary designed to enhance compliance in order to assess what compliance rates might be achieved We recruited 80 adults with chronic pain (pain for ≥3 hours a day and rated ≥4 on a 10 point scale) and assigned 40 to keeping a paper …

786 citations


"Need for development of dietary ass..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...This method has given errors such as imprecise because of back filling, absence of food items especially in voice recordings low user compliance in paper based diaries [15]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The physical principles underlying the variety of approaches to motion tracking are introduced and it is shown that certain methods work quite well for specific applications.
Abstract: This article introduces the physical principles underlying the variety of approaches to motion tracking. Although no single technology will work for all purposes, certain methods work quite well for specific applications.

680 citations