Neoplastic Transformation of BALB/3T3 Cells and Cell Cycle of HL-60 Cells are Inhibited by Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Juice and Mango Juice Extracts
TL;DR: Whole mango juice was effective in reducing the number of transformed foci in the neoplastic transformation assay in a dose-dependent manner, and these techniques provide valuable screening tools for health benefits derived from mango phytochemicals.
Abstract: The mango, Mangifera indica L., is a fruit with high levels of phytochemicals, suggesting that it might have chemopreventative properties. In this study, whole mango juice and juice extracts were screened for antioxidant and anticancer activity. Antioxidant activity of the mango juice and juice extracts was measured by 3 standard in vitro methods. The results of the 3 methods were in general agreement, although different radicals were measured in each. Anticancer activity was measured by examining the effect on cell cycle kinetics and the ability to inhibit chemically induced neoplastic transformation of mammalian cell lines. Incubation of HL-60 cells with whole mango juice and mango juice fractions resulted in an inhibition of the cell cycle in the G 0 /G 1 phase. A fraction of the eluted mango juice with low peroxyl radical scavenging ability was most effective in arresting cells in the G 0 /G 1 phase. Whole mango juice was effective in reducing the number of transformed foci in the neoplastic transformation assay in a dose-dependent manner. These techniques provide valuable screening tools for health benefits derived from mango phytochemicals.
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TL;DR: In this article, the antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of the flesh and peel of mango (Mangifera indica L) were investigated. And the results showed that mango peel extract exhibited stronger free radical scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and alkyl radicals than mango flesh extract regardless of ripeness.
Abstract: The antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of flesh and peel of mango (Mangifera indica L.) were investigated. The cytoprotective effect of mango flesh and peel extracts on oxidative damage induced by H2O2 in a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, were determined, and the underlying mechanism was examined by a single-cell electrophoresis assay (comet assay). Treatment of HepG2 cell with mango peel extract prior to oxidative stress was found to inhibit DNA damage. The free radical scavenging activities of mango flesh and peel extracts were evaluated by electron spin resonance (ESR). The mango peel extract exhibited stronger free radical scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and alkyl radicals than mango flesh extract, regardless of ripeness. Similarly, peel extract exhibited significant antiproliferative effect against all tested cancer cell lines, compared to that of flesh extract, in a dose-dependent manner. The result also showed that the antiproliferative activity of mango flesh and peel extracts correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. Thus, mango peel, a major by-product obtained during the processing of mango product, exhibited good antioxidant activity and may serve as a potential source of phenolics with anticancer activity.
267 citations
Cites background from "Neoplastic Transformation of BALB/3..."
...…leaves, and pulp are known for various biomedical applications, including antioxidative and free radical scavenging (Ajila, Bhat, & Prasada Rao, 2007a; Rocha Ribeiro et al., 2007), anti-inflammatory (Hernandez, Rodriguez, Delgado, & Walczak, 2007), and anticancer (Percival et al., 2006) activities....
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..., 2007), anti-inflammatory (Hernandez, Rodriguez, Delgado, & Walczak, 2007), and anticancer (Percival et al., 2006) activities....
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TL;DR: The results demonstrated that mango peel extracts protected erythrocytes against oxidative stress and may impart health benefits and it could be used as a valuable food ingredient or a nutraceutical product.
Abstract: Phytochemicals such as polyphenols and carotenoids are gaining importance because of their contribution to human health and their multiple biological effects such as antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic and cytoprotective activities and other therapeutic properties. Mango peel is a major by-product in pulp industry and it contains various bioactive compounds like polyphenols, carotenoids and others. In the present study, the protective effect of peel extracts of unripe and ripe mango fruits of two varieties namely, Raspuri and Badami on hydrogen peroxide induced hemolysis, lipid peroxidation, degradation of membrane proteins and its morphological changes are reported. The oxidative hemolysis of rat erythrocytes by hydrogen peroxide was inhibited by mango peel extract in a dose dependent manner. The IC(50) value for lipid peroxidation inhibition on erythrocyte ghost membrane was found to be in the range of 4.5-19.3 microg gallic acid equivalents. The mango peel extract showed protection against membrane protein degradation caused by hydrogen peroxide. Morphological changes to erythrocyte membrane caused by hydrogen peroxide were protected by mango peel extract. The results demonstrated that mango peel extracts protected erythrocytes against oxidative stress and may impart health benefits and it could be used as a valuable food ingredient or a nutraceutical product.
184 citations
TL;DR: This review examines the functional properties of phenolics, which is known to exert preventive activity against infectious and degenerative diseases, inflammation and allergies via antioxidant, antimicrobial and proteins/enzymes neutralization/modulation mechanisms.
Abstract: Recent research focuses on health benefits of phytochemicals, especially antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of phenolic compounds, which is known to exert preventive activity against infectious and degenerative diseases, inflammation and allergies via antioxidant, antimicrobial and proteins/enzymes neutralization/modulation mechanisms. Phenolic compounds are reactive metabolites in a wide range of plant-derived foods and mainly divided in four groups: phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and tannins. They work as terminators of free radicals and chelators of metal ions that are capable of catalyzing lipid oxidation. Therefore, this review examines the functional properties of phenolics.
184 citations
TL;DR: The most commonly used plant parts were fresh or dried leaves and stem barks, with the exception being topical application especially for breast cancer and skin sarcomas as mentioned in this paper. But the primary mode of administration was oral.
Abstract: Absract Ethnopharmacological relevance Traditional medicine plays a critical role in treatment of chronic debilitating and life threatening conditions and diseases. Cancer is one such condition whose therapeutic intervention is commonly through inexpensive traditional herbal remedies. Increasingly industrialised societies are developing drugs and chemotherapeutics from these traditional herbal plants. Plant biogeography determines the abundance and availability of medicinal plants which in turn determine their use by local communities. The present study was carried out in Kakamega County of Kenya to identify and document medicinal plants used for treatment and management of cancer states by communities living adjacent to Kakamega Tropical rainforest of Kakamega County, Kenya. Materials and methods An ethnobotanical survey was done using semi-structured questionnaires administered to 32 randomly selected herbalists from Kakamega County. Results and discussion Sixty five (65) plants of 59 genera and 32 families were identified as candidates in therapeutic intervention against cancer states. Most commonly cited plant species were Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. ssp. nilotica (Seem), Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze, Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex poir, Prunus africana (Hook. f.) kalkman, Cyphostemma serpens (A. Rich), Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don and Aloe volkensii Engl. The following were documented for the first time; Aeschynomene abyssinica (A. Rich.) Vatke, Synsepalum cerasiferum (welw.) T. D penn., Albizia coriaria Welw. ex Oliv., Aloe volkensii Engl . Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill, Croton macrostachyus Delile, Cyphostemma serpens (A. Rich), Dicliptera laxata C.B. Clarke, Ekebergia capensis Sparrm., Gardenia volkensii K. schum. ssp. volkensii , Glycine wightii (wight & Arn.), Ocimum gratissimum Suave, Olea hotcsh spp. hochstetteri , Pavetta abyssinica Fresen., Phyllanthus fischeri Pax, Psydrax schimperiana (A. Rich), Rhus vulgaris Meikle, Senna didymobotyra (Fresen.) Irwin and Barneby, Solanecio nandensis (S. Moore) C. Jeffrey, Solanum mauritianum Scop, Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. ssp. nilotica (Seem), Spermacoce princea (K. Schum.) Verdc., Tabernaemontana stapfiana Britten, Tragia brevipes Pax and Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman. The most frequently used plant parts were fresh or dried leaves and stem barks. Administration to patients was almost exclusively oral, with the exceptions being topical application especially for breast cancer and skin sarcomas. Conclusions This study identified diverse medicinal plants used in therapeutic and management intervention against cancer by communities living adjacent to Kakamega Tropical Rainforest. The primary mode of administration was oral.
179 citations
TL;DR: Overall, polyphenolics from several mango varieties exerted anticancer effects, where compounds from Haden and Ataulfo mango varieties possessed superior chemopreventive activity.
Abstract: Many polyphenolics contained in mango have shown anticancer activity. The objective of this study was to compare the anticancer properties of polyphenolic extracts from several mango varieties (Francis, Kent, Ataulfo, Tommy Atkins, and Haden) in cancer cell lines, including Molt-4 leukemia, A-549 lung, MDA-MB-231 breast, LnCap prostate, and SW-480 colon cancer cells and the noncancer colon cell line CCD-18Co. Cell lines were incubated with Ataulfo and Haden extracts, selected on the basis of their superior antioxidant capacity compared to the other varieties, where SW-480 and MOLT-4 were statistically equally most sensitive to both cultivars followed by MDA-MB-231, A-549, and LnCap in order of decreasing efficacy as determined by cell counting. The efficacy of extracts from all mango varieties in the inhibition of cell growth was tested in SW-480 colon carcinoma cells, where Ataulfo and Haden demonstrated superior efficacy, followed by Kent, Francis, and Tommy Atkins. At 5 mg of GAE/L, Ataulfo inhibited t...
157 citations
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TL;DR: The improved ORAC(FL) assay provides a direct measure of hydrophilic chain-breaking antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radical and demonstrates that fluorescein (FL) is superior to B-phycoerythrin.
Abstract: An improved method of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay has been developed and validated using fluorescein (3‘,6‘-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1[3H],9‘[9H]-xanthen]-3-one) as the fluorescent probe. Our results demonstrate that fluorescein (FL) is superior to B-phycoerythrin. The oxidized FL products induced by peroxyl radical were identified by LC/MS, and the reaction mechanism was determined to follow a classic hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. In addition, methodological and mechanistic comparison of ORACFL with other widely used methods was discussed. It is concluded that, unlike other popular methods, the improved ORACFL assay provides a direct measure of hydrophilic chain-breaking antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radical. Keywords: Fluorescein; ORAC; TEAC; FRAP; chain-breaking antioxidant; free radical; hydrogen atom transfer; single electron transfer
2,565 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: No spontaneous transformation in vitro has been observed in the stock cultures transferred on a regular schedule and tests for tumorigenicity at all passages were negative.
Abstract: A line of C3H mouse embryo cells highly sensitive to postconfluence inhibition of cell division, designated C3H/10T1/2, has been established, and a clone from this line (clone 8) has been characterized at early and late passages (200 to 450 days in culture). The cells of clone 8 are approximately 1730 cu µm in volume, their plating efficiency is 12 to 30%, their average generation time is 15.5 hr, and their saturation density is 2.9 to 3.8 × 104 cells/sq cm. The cell survival is 30% after freezing in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and storage in liquid nitrogen. The cells of this clone are negative with respect to the spontaneous expression of C-type RNA murine viruses and viral antigens. Tests for mycoplasma contamination are negative. All the cells of this line are aneuploid with a stable mode of 81 chromosomes (40 to 60% of cells). Tests for tumorigenicity at all passages were negative. No spontaneous transformation in vitro has been observed in the stock cultures transferred on a regular schedule.
1,091 citations
TL;DR: Three assays were compared for the determination of total antioxidant capacity in human serum: the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), the Randox Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (Randox-TEAC) assay, and the ferric reducing ability (FRAP) assay.
Abstract: Three assays were compared for the determination of total antioxidant capacity in human serum: the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, the Randox Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (Randox-TEAC) assay, and the ferric reducing ability (FRAP) assay. There was a weak but significant linear correlation between serum ORAC and serum FRAP. There was no correlation either between serum ORAC and serum TEAC or between serum FRAP and serum TEAC. The effect of dilution on the serum TEAC value and the use of inhibition percentage at a fixed time, without considering the length of inhibition time in the quantitation of results, adversely affected the Randox-TEAC assay. The FRAP assay is simple and inexpensive but does not measure the SH-group-containing antioxidants. The ORAC assay has high specificity and responds to numerous antioxidants. By utilizing different extraction techniques in the ORAC assay, one can remove serum proteins and also make some gross differentiation between aqueous and lipid-soluble antioxidants. However, the ORAC assay requires ∼60 min more than the FRAP or Randox-TEAC assay to quantitate results.
873 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A line of C3H mouse embryo cells sensitive to postconfluence inhibition of cell division was used for a variety of quantitative and qualitative studies of chemical oncogenesis in culture and two of the three types of foci gave rise to fibrosarcomas.
Abstract: A line of C3H mouse embryo cells (C3H/10T1/2 clone 8) sensitive to postconfluence inhibition of cell division was used for a variety of quantitative and qualitative studies of chemical oncogenesis in culture. The polycyclic hydrocarbons (PH), 3-methylcholanthrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, caused varying degrees of cytotoxicity and produced morphologically and malignantly transformed foci in these cells with a dose-dependent frequency, while N -methyl- N ′-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine was toxic but did not transform under the same conditions. Transformation frequency was related to cell density at the time of treatment and to the duration of treatment with PH. After treatment of the cells with the PH, three types of morphologically altered foci were identified. Foci of each type were cloned and inoculated into irradiated syngeneic mice. Two of the three types of foci gave rise to fibrosarcomas when cells were inoculated at Passages 2 to 4 after cloning. The determination of transformation frequency in this system includes only these two types of malignantly transformed foci. The third type of focus was morphologically minimally altered but did not give rise to tumors under the same conditions. Control cells did not produce tumors. The saturation densities of several transformed lines were shown to be greater than the control line and did not correlate with the growth rate of the cells. The antimycotic agent amphotericin B (Fungizone) interfered with transformation when it was present in the medium at the time of exposure of the cells to the PH.
788 citations
TL;DR: The interaction of ellagic acid and quercetin demonstrated an enhanced anticarcinogenic potential of polyphenol combinations, which was not based solely on the additive effect of individual compounds, but rather on synergistic biochemical interactions.
Abstract: Little information is available regarding possible synergistic or antagonistic biochemical interactions among polyphenols contained in fruits and vegetables. Identifying potential interactions among these compounds may help to define the efficiency of polyphenol-containing foods in cancer prevention as related to structure-function activity of the compounds. The objective of this study was to investigate interactions between quercetin and ellagic acid, two polyphenolics that are present predominantly in small fruits, on cell death and proliferation-related variables in the MOLT-4 human leukemia cell line. Assays were performed to determine cell cycle kinetics, proliferation, apoptotic DNA-fragmentation and caspase-3-activity after 12, 24 and 48 h. Ellagic acid significantly potentiated the effects of quercetin (at 5 and 10 micro mol/L each) in the reduction of proliferation and viability and the induction of apoptosis. Significant alterations in cell cycle kinetics were also observed. The synergy was confirmed by an isobolographic analysis of the cell proliferation data. The interaction of ellagic acid and quercetin demonstrated an enhanced anticarcinogenic potential of polyphenol combinations, which was not based solely on the additive effect of individual compounds, but rather on synergistic biochemical interactions.
237 citations