scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Neospora caninum versus Brucella spp. exposure among dairy cattle in Ethiopia: a case control study.

30 Apr 2014-Tropical Animal Health and Production (Springer Netherlands)-Vol. 46, Iss: 6, pp 961-966
TL;DR: The finding discloses the strong association of N. caninum with reproductive disorders compared to Brucella spp.
Abstract: This case-control study aimed at assessing the relative association of Neospora caninum and Brucella species exposure with reproductive disorders. The study was carried out between October 2011 and June 2012 on 731 dairy cows sampled from 150 dairy farms in selected 17 conurbations of Ethiopia. Two hundred sixty-six of the cows were categorized as cases based on their history of abortion or stillbirth while the remaining 465 were controls. The presence of antibody to N. caninum was screened using indirect ELISA, while Brucella spp. exposure was assayed serially using Rose Bengal Plate Test and Complement Fixation Test. Exposure to N. caninum was more frequently observed among cases (23.8 %) than controls (12.7 %), while no significant difference (p > 0.05) was noted for Brucella exposure between the two groups. Moreover, the proportion of cows with disorders like retention of fetal membrane, endometritis and increased inter-calving period were significantly higher (p < 0.05) among Neospora seropositive cows. In conclusion, the finding discloses the strong association of N. caninum with reproductive disorders compared to Brucella spp. exposure. However, neither N. caninum nor Brucella spp. could explain the majority (73.2 %) of the reported abortions and stillbirths in cattle. Hence, this observation underscores the need for more intensive investigation on the identification of causes of the aforementioned disorders in dairy cattle of Ethiopia.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The seroprevalence of SBV is high and widely distributed in the studied parts of Ethiopia, and Reproductive disorders including abortion, retention of the fetal membranes, and metritis were associated with serostatus ofSBV.

21 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that BHV-1 should be considered as differential diagnosis among improved dairy cattle herds with reproductive disorders in Ethiopia because of its role in the disorders and the risk factors affecting its seroprevalence.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Seropositive animals to any of the three viruses were detected in all sampled areas and the proportion of cattle with BHV-1 and SBV exposure history had a higher risk to at least one type of the reproductive disorders mentioned compared to the corresponding sero-negative groups.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 Apr 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the prevalence of selected infections and their associations with reproductive disorders and risk factors in cattle under different management systems, a cross-sectional study was conducted in two bordering regions in the southern highlands in Tanzania.
Abstract: Reproductive disorders have negative impact on performance in cattle worldwide. Studies on infections causing reproductive disorders in Tanzania are few and fragmented, which complicates targeted disease prevention. To investigate the prevalence of selected infections and their associations with reproductive disorders and risk factors in cattle under different management systems, a cross-sectional study was conducted in two bordering regions in the southern highlands in Tanzania. Herd and individual animal level data were collected by direct observation and a semistructured questionnaire interview of the farmer. Sera from 658 cattle from 202 herds were analyzed using a commercial ELISA kits for antibodies to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Brucella spp. and Neospora caninum. The logistic regression model identified herd size (odds ratio (OR): 14.5), location (OR: 23.1) and management system (grazing strategy) (OR: 22.7) as risk factors for Brucella spp. The same risk factors were also identified for BVDV herd size (OR: 2.8), location (OR: 12.7) and management system (OR: 2.9). History of abortion was associated with seropositivity for Brucella spp. (OR: 4.6). No risk factors, including location and presence of dogs, nor any association with reproductive disorders were identified for N. caninum. In one region the herd level sero-prevalence was 66.7% for BVDV and 36.1% for Brucella spp., while in the other it was 6.5% for BVDV and 0.6% for Brucella spp. In total, BVDV specific antibodies were found in 15.2% of the animals in 17.9% of the herds, and Brucella spp. specific antibodies were detected in 5.4% of the animals in 7.4% of the herds. AntiN. caninum antibodies were found in 4.5% of animals in 8.4% of the herds. In conclusion, prevalence and impact of BVDV and Brucella spp. differed significantly between geographically closely related areas, most probably due to differences in management system that affects the potential for survival of the agents in the population. This shows that all control measures must be based on accurate epidemiological knowledge of the occurrence of the infection. Low-prevalence areas are highly susceptible for introduction of infection, while in the high-prevalence areas control measures must be implemented to reduce the impact and the risk of transferring Brucella spp. from livestock to humans.

12 citations


Cites background from "Neospora caninum versus Brucella sp..."

  • ...has been reported, and is regarded as more important for reproductive performance [25,26]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of the prevalence and associated risk factors of brucellosis in breeding female cattle under the traditional production system of the Jimma zone in Ethiopia showed that bru cellosis was a widely spread disease in the study areas.

11 citations


Cites result from "Neospora caninum versus Brucella sp..."

  • ...Similar level of prevalence was reported by Tibesso, Ibrahim, and Tolosa (2014) and Asmare (2014), who reported seroprevalence of 4.3% in Adami Tulu and 4.8% in southern Ethiopian breeding female cattle....

    [...]

References
More filters
Book
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: Some of the lines in some of the Figures are printed very faintly (and in some cases are almost invisible), which was a surprise as the Figures had all printed perfectly well when the galley proofs were examined.
Abstract: First printing (Nov. 2009) After commencing shipping of the 2nd Edition of Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, we discovered that some of the lines in some of the Figures are printed very faintly (and in some cases are almost invisible). This was a surprise as the Figures had all printed perfectly well when the galley proofs were examined. In total, 20 figures are affected to some degree. To obtain a 2 page sheet with all of these figures printed correctly, go to: www.upei.ca/ver/errata

2,821 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...In the analysis, a covariate was considered confounder and included in the model if its inclusion altered the OR of the estimated risk by more than 20 % (Dohoo et al. 2009)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated.
Abstract: Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Although antibodies to N. caninum have been reported, the parasite has not been detected in human tissues. Thus, the zoonotic potential is uncertain. This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated. The role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum and strategies for the control of neosporosis in cattle are discussed.

977 citations


"Neospora caninum versus Brucella sp..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Despite this limitation, the observation is suggestive of the vertical course, which is the predominant mode of N. caninum transmission in cattle (Dubey et al. 2007)....

    [...]

  • ...caninum prevalence rather than the breed itself (Dubey et al. 2007; Nazir et al. 2013)....

    [...]

  • ...Due to lack of consistency and conclusive evidence on breed effect, management-related factors have been attributed to variation in N. caninum prevalence rather than the breed itself (Dubey et al. 2007; Nazir et al. 2013)....

    [...]

Journal Article
TL;DR: A newly identified parasite, Neospora caninum, structurally distinct from T gondii, was found in 10 dogs and formed meronts in many tissues of the dogs, especially the brain and spinal cord.
Abstract: Histologic sections and case histories from 23 dogs with proven fatal toxoplasmosis-like illness at the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital were reviewed. Toxoplasma gondii was identified in 13 dogs. A newly identified parasite, Neospora caninum, structurally distinct from T gondii, was found in 10 dogs. The newly discovered organism, belonging to a new genus and new species, formed meronts in many tissues of the dogs, especially the brain and spinal cord. Neospora caninum was located directly in the host cell cytoplasm without a parasitophorous vacuole; it divided by endodyogeny, contained more than 11 rhoptries, and did not react with the anti-T gondii serum in the immunoperoxidase test. Meningoencephalomyelitis and myositis were the main lesions associated with N caninum. Ulcerative and fistulous dermatitis was the major lesion in 1 dog.

787 citations


"Neospora caninum versus Brucella sp..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Evidence of N. caninum infection in causing abortion in dairy cattle has been growing worldwide since 1988 (Dubey et al. 1988; Bjorkman et al. 2000; Dubey et al. 2006; Simsek et al. 2008)....

    [...]

  • ...caninum infection in causing abortion in dairy cattle has been growing worldwide since 1988 (Dubey et al. 1988; Bjorkman et al. 2000; Dubey et al. 2006; Simsek et al. 2008)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: N. caninum is a primary pathogen capable of causing abortion either through maternal placental inflammation, maternal and fetal placental necrosis, fetal damage, or a combination of all three, and will shed light on potential methods of control of bovine neosporosis and enrich the understanding of the continuity of mammalian and protozoal survival.

285 citations


"Neospora caninum versus Brucella sp..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Evidence of N. caninum infection in causing abortion in dairy cattle has been growing worldwide since 1988 (Dubey et al. 1988; Bjorkman et al. 2000; Dubey et al. 2006; Simsek et al. 2008)....

    [...]

  • ...caninum infection in causing abortion in dairy cattle has been growing worldwide since 1988 (Dubey et al. 1988; Bjorkman et al. 2000; Dubey et al. 2006; Simsek et al. 2008)....

    [...]

  • ...Perhaps, this explains the reported disorders to be the possible consequence of N. caninum infection (Dubey et al. 2006)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that Swedish dairy cows have a low prevalence of N. caninum infection which is favourable in relation to possible future control programmes, and also indicates that there might be concurrent effects on bovine abortion and BVDV.
Abstract: The protozoan parasite Neospora caninum and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) are recognized as important causes of bovine abortion and congenital disease worldwide. In this study, serological investigations were performed to estimate the prevalence of N. caninum infection in Swedish dairy cattle, to assess to what extent it may affect abortion rates, and to determine possible effects of coinfection with BVDV. The overall N. caninum seroprevalence in Swedish dairy cows was estimated at 2% (16/780), and the BVDV seroprevalence was 32% (249/780). Among aborting cows from herds with abortion problems, 7% (26/378) had antibodies to N. caninum and 42% (153/378) to BVDV. Seventeen of the N. caninum positive animals also had antibodies to BVDV. There was a statistically significant (P = 0.013) association between presence of antibodies to N. caninum and BVDV. In a case-control study comprising sera from cows in herds without recognized abortion problems, 6% (5/89) and 1% (1/89) of sera from aborting and non-aborting cows, respectively, had antibodies to N. caninum. Two of the N. caninum seropositive aborting cows also had antibodies to BVDV. These results confirm that N. caninum infection is associated with bovine abortion in Sweden and also indicate that there might be concurrent effects of N. caninum and BVDV. It is concluded that Swedish dairy cows have a low prevalence of N. caninum infection which is favourable in relation to possible future control programmes.

105 citations


"Neospora caninum versus Brucella sp..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Evidence of N. caninum infection in causing abortion in dairy cattle has been growing worldwide since 1988 (Dubey et al. 1988; Bjorkman et al. 2000; Dubey et al. 2006; Simsek et al. 2008)....

    [...]

  • ...caninum infection in causing abortion in dairy cattle has been growing worldwide since 1988 (Dubey et al. 1988; Bjorkman et al. 2000; Dubey et al. 2006; Simsek et al. 2008)....

    [...]