Neural foundations of overt and covert actions.

doi:10.1016/J.NEUROIMAGE.2017.03.036

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Neural foundations of overt and covert actions.

Journal Article•DOI•

Neural foundations of overt and covert actions.

Panagiotis G. Simos¹, Eleftherios Kavroulakis¹, Thomas G. Maris¹, Efrosini Papadaki¹, T. Boursianis¹, Giorgos Kalaitzakis¹, Helen E. Savaki², Helen E. Savaki¹ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (2)

RMIT University¹, Foundation for Research & Technology – Hellas²

15 May 2017-NeuroImage (Academic Press)-Vol. 152, pp 482-496

TL;DR: Functional connectivity analyses corroborated the notion that a common sensory‐motor fronto‐parieto‐temporal cortical network is engaged for execution, observation, and imagination of the very same action.

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About: This article is published in NeuroImage.The article was published on 2017-05-15. It has received 27 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Motor imagery & Inferior frontal gyrus.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation-promoted plasticity of the human brain.

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Richard G. Carson¹, Richard G. Carson², Richard G. Carson³, Alison R. Buick¹•Institutions (3)

Queen's University Belfast¹, University of Queensland², Trinity College, Dublin³

01 May 2021-The Journal of Physiology

TL;DR: The goal of the present narrative review is to describe the means through which NMES may also promote sustained adaptations within central motor pathways, leading ultimately to increases in (intrinsic) functional capacity.

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Abstract: The application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to paretic limbs has demonstrated utility for motor rehabilitation following brain injury. When NMES is delivered to a mixed peripheral nerve, typically both efferent and afferent fibres are recruited. Muscle contractions brought about by the excitation of motor neurons are often used to compensate for disability by assisting actions such as the formation of hand aperture, or by preventing others including foot drop. In this context, exogenous stimulation provides a direct substitute for endogenous neural drive. The goal of the present narrative review is to describe the means through which NMES may also promote sustained adaptations within central motor pathways, leading ultimately to increases in (intrinsic) functional capacity. There is an obvious practical motivation, in that detailed knowledge concerning the mechanisms of adaptation has the potential to inform neurorehabilitation practice. In addition, responses to NMES provide a means of studying CNS plasticity at a systems level in humans. We summarize the fundamental aspects of NMES, focusing on the forms that are employed most commonly in clinical and experimental practice. Specific attention is devoted to adjuvant techniques that further promote adaptive responses to NMES thereby offering the prospect of increased therapeutic potential. The emergent theme is that an association with centrally initiated neural activity, whether this is generated in the context of NMES triggered by efferent drive or via indirect methods such as mental imagery, may in some circumstances promote the physiological changes that can be induced through peripheral electrical stimulation.

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61 citations

Cites background from "Neural foundations of overt and cov..."

...For example, it appears to increase monotonically as the level of stimulation applied over the motor point of the quadriceps muscle is increased from sensory threshold to that eliciting a maximum motor response (Smith et al. 2003)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Is the extrastriate body area part of the dorsal visuomotor stream

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Marius Zimmermann¹, Marius Zimmermann², Rogier B. Mars¹, Rogier B. Mars³, Floris P. de Lange¹, Ivan Toni¹, Lennart Verhagen⁴ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (4)

Radboud University Nijmegen¹, Stockholm University², John Radcliffe Hospital³, University of Oxford⁴

01 Jan 2018-Brain Structure & Function

TL;DR: Functional and structural connectivity profiles indicate that EBA interacts more strongly with dorsal-stream regions compared to other portions of the occipito-temporal cortex involved in processing body parts (FBA) and object identification (LOC).

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Abstract: The extrastriate body area (EBA) processes visual information about body parts, and it is considered one among a series of category-specific perceptual modules distributed across the occipito-temporal cortex. However, recent evidence raises the possibility that EBA might also provide an interface between perception and action, linking the ventral and dorsal streams of visual information processing. Here, we assess anatomical evidence supporting this possibility. We localise EBA in individual subjects using a perceptual task and compare the characteristics of its functional and structural connectivity to those of two perceptual areas, the lateral occipital complex (LOC) and the fusiform body area (FBA), separately for each hemisphere. We apply complementary analyses of resting-state fMRI and diffusion-weighted MRI data in a group of healthy right-handed human subjects (N = 31). Functional and structural connectivity profiles indicate that EBA interacts more strongly with dorsal-stream regions compared to other portions of the occipito-temporal cortex involved in processing body parts (FBA) and object identification (LOC). These findings provide anatomical ground for a revision of the functional role of EBA. Building on a number of recent observations, we suggest that EBA contributes to planning goal-directed actions, possibly by specifying a desired postural configuration to parieto-frontal areas involved in computing movement parameters.

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59 citations

Cites background from "Neural foundations of overt and cov..."

...These fingerprints could potentially be used to identify these regions based on resting-state fMRI data alone, in the absence of localizer tasks (Saygin et al. 2012; Mars et al. 2013; Tavor et al. 2016; see also Osher et al. 2016)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Effect of manual approaches with osteopathic modality on brain correlates of interoception: an fMRI study.

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Francesco Cerritelli¹, Piero Chiacchiaretta¹, Francesco Gambi¹, Mauro Gianni Perrucci¹, Giovanni Barassi¹, Christian Pasquale Visciano¹, Rosa Grazia Bellomo, Raoul Saggini¹, Antonio Ferretti¹ - Show less +5 more•Institutions (1)

University of Chieti-Pescara¹

21 Feb 2020-Scientific Reports

TL;DR: The results revealed that the OMT produced a distinct and specific reduction in BOLD response in specific brain areas related to interoception, i.e., bilateral insula, ACC, left striatum and rMFG.

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Abstract: The present randomised placebo controlled trial explored the extent to which osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) affects brain activity, particularly the insula, during both an "interoceptive awareness" and "exteroceptive awareness" task in a sample of 32 right-handed adults with chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) randomly assigned to either the OMT or sham group. Patients received 4 weekly sessions and fMRI was performed at enrolment (T0), immediately after the first session (T1) and at 1 month (T2). The results revealed that the OMT produced a distinct and specific reduction in BOLD response in specific brain areas related to interoception, i.e., bilateral insula, ACC, left striatum and rMFG. The observed trend across the three time points appears uncharacteristic. At T1, a marginal increase of the BOLD response was observed in all the above-mentioned areas except the rMFG, which showed a decrease in BOLD response. At T2, the response was the opposite: areas related to interoception (bilateral insula and ACC) as well as the rMFG and left striatum demonstrated significant decreased in BOLD response. The findings of this study provide an insight into the effects of manual therapies on brain activity and have implications for future research in the field.

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47 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Action perception and motor imagery: Mental practice of action.

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Helen E. Savaki¹, Vassilis Raos¹, Vassilis Raos²•Institutions (2)

Foundation for Research & Technology – Hellas¹, University of Crete²

31 Jan 2019-Progress in Neurobiology

TL;DR: Empirical evidence is provided that mental simulation of actions underlies motor cognition, and conceptual representations are grounded in sensory-motor codes, and motor cognition may, therefore, be embodied and modal.

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31 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Interactions between emotion and action in the brain.

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Liana C. L. Portugal¹, Rita de Cássia S. Alves¹, Orlando Fernandes Junior², Tiago Arruda Sanchez², Izabela Mocaiber¹, Eliane Volchan², Fatima Erthal², Isabel A. David¹, Jongwan Kim³, Leticia de Oliveira¹, Srikanth Padmala⁴, Gang Chen⁵, Luiz Pessoa³, Mirtes G. Pereira¹ - Show less +10 more•Institutions (5)

Federal Fluminense University¹, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro², University of Maryland, College Park³, Indian Institute of Science⁴, National Institutes of Health⁵

01 Jul 2020-NeuroImage

TL;DR: This study revealed the context-sensitive engagement of motor-related areas during emotional perception, thus supporting the idea that emotion and action interact in important ways in the brain.

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27 citations

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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems

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Edward T. Bullmore¹, Olaf Sporns²•Institutions (2)

University of Cambridge¹, Indiana University²

04 Feb 2009-Nature Reviews Neuroscience

TL;DR: This article reviews studies investigating complex brain networks in diverse experimental modalities and provides an accessible introduction to the basic principles of graph theory and highlights the technical challenges and key questions to be addressed by future developments in this rapidly moving field.

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Abstract: Recent developments in the quantitative analysis of complex networks, based largely on graph theory, have been rapidly translated to studies of brain network organization. The brain's structural and functional systems have features of complex networks--such as small-world topology, highly connected hubs and modularity--both at the whole-brain scale of human neuroimaging and at a cellular scale in non-human animals. In this article, we review studies investigating complex brain networks in diverse experimental modalities (including structural and functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography in humans) and provide an accessible introduction to the basic principles of graph theory. We also highlight some of the technical challenges and key questions to be addressed by future developments in this rapidly moving field.

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9,700 citations

"Neural foundations of overt and cov..." refers methods in this paper

...Given that conjunction analysis results demonstrated that the same sensory-motor system was activated for execution, observation and imagination of action, functional connectivity analyses were performed in order to (i) assess the relative importance of individual regions for information flow within each task-related network, using the Network Based Statistic and Graph theory modeling (Bullmore and Sporns, 2009; Rubinov and Sporns, 2010; Zalesky et al., 2010), and (ii) address the problem of why we do not confuse the actions of others with ours, and real with imagined actions....
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...…importance of individual regions for information flow within each task-related network, using the Network Based Statistic and Graph theory modeling (Bullmore and Sporns, 2009; Rubinov and Sporns, 2010; Zalesky et al., 2010), and (ii) address the problem of why we do not confuse the actions of…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach

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Karl J. Friston¹, Andrew P. Holmes², Keith J. Worsley³, J-B. Poline¹, Chris D. Frith¹, Richard S. J. Frackowiak¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (3)

Hammersmith Hospital¹, University of Glasgow², McGill University³

01 Jan 1994-Human Brain Mapping

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general approach that accommodates most forms of experimental layout and ensuing analysis (designed experiments with fixed effects for factors, covariates and interaction of factors).

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Abstract: + Abstract: Statistical parametric maps are spatially extended statistical processes that are used to test hypotheses about regionally specific effects in neuroimaging data. The most established sorts of statistical parametric maps (e.g., Friston et al. (1991): J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 11:690-699; Worsley et al. 119921: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 12:YOO-918) are based on linear models, for example ANCOVA, correlation coefficients and t tests. In the sense that these examples are all special cases of the general linear model it should be possible to implement them (and many others) within a unified framework. We present here a general approach that accommodates most forms of experimental layout and ensuing analysis (designed experiments with fixed effects for factors, covariates and interaction of factors). This approach brings together two well established bodies of theory (the general linear model and the theory of Gaussian fields) to provide a complete and simple framework for the analysis of imaging data. The importance of this framework is twofold: (i) Conceptual and mathematical simplicity, in that the same small number of operational equations is used irrespective of the complexity of the experiment or nature of the statistical model and (ii) the generality of the framework provides for great latitude in experimental design and analysis.

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9,614 citations

"Neural foundations of overt and cov..." refers methods in this paper

...For each task and participant a fixed effects General Linear Model [GLM, (Friston et al., 1995) was fit to the data in SPM12 which allows the BOLD signal associated with each experimental condition (execution, imagery, observation) and with the preceding fixation blocks to be convolved with the SPM12 standard hemodynamic response function....
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...For each task and participant a fixed effects General Linear Model [GLM, (Friston et al., 1995) was fit to the data in SPM12 which allows the BOLD signal associated with each experimental condition (execution, imagery, observation) and with the preceding fixation blocks to be convolved with the…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Complex network measures of brain connectivity: uses and interpretations.

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Mikail Rubinov¹, Olaf Sporns²•Institutions (2)

University of New South Wales¹, Indiana University²

01 Sep 2010-NeuroImage

TL;DR: Construction of brain networks from connectivity data is discussed and the most commonly used network measures of structural and functional connectivity are described, which variously detect functional integration and segregation, quantify centrality of individual brain regions or pathways, and test resilience of networks to insult.

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9,291 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The mirror-neuron system.

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Giacomo Rizzolatti¹, Laila Craighero²•Institutions (2)

University of Parma¹, University of Ferrara²

01 Jan 2004-Annual Review of Neuroscience

TL;DR: A neurophysiological mechanism appears to play a fundamental role in both action understanding and imitation, and those properties specific to the human mirror-neuron system that might explain the human capacity to learn by imitation are stressed.

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Abstract: A category of stimuli of great importance for primates, humans in particular, is that formed by actions done by other individuals. If we want to survive, we must understand the actions of others. Furthermore, without action understanding, social organization is impossible. In the case of humans, there is another faculty that depends on the observation of others' actions: imitation learning. Unlike most species, we are able to learn by imitation, and this faculty is at the basis of human culture. In this review we present data on a neurophysiological mechanism--the mirror-neuron mechanism--that appears to play a fundamental role in both action understanding and imitation. We describe first the functional properties of mirror neurons in monkeys. We review next the characteristics of the mirror-neuron system in humans. We stress, in particular, those properties specific to the human mirror-neuron system that might explain the human capacity to learn by imitation. We conclude by discussing the relationship between the mirror-neuron system and language.

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6,747 citations

"Neural foundations of overt and cov..." refers background in this paper

..., 1998), comprising the monkey mirror neuron system (Rizzolatti and Craighero, 2004)....
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...A highly influential account of action recognition attributes a key role in a set of specialized neurons within the monkey ventral premotor area F5 (Gallese et al., 1996; Rizzolatti et al., 1996) and the inferior parietal area PF/PFG (Fogassi et al., 1998), comprising the monkey mirror neuron system (Rizzolatti and Craighero, 2004)....
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...In the face of growing evidence from human neuroimaging studies, demonstrating significant activations in several brain areas beyond PMv and IPL, the mirror neuron account of action recognition was expanded to implicate a “mirror mechanism”, and a “direct matching hypothesis” was developed referring to a simulation process, while the activations outside the classical mirror circuit were explained as “sensory predictions from internal models” (Gallese, 2007; Gallese et al., 2004; Gallese and Goldman, 1998; Goldman and Sebanz, 2005; Rizzolatti et al., 2014)....
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...The mirror neuron account of motor cognition suggests that action recognition is supported exclusively by areas F5 and PF/PFG, which are the only areas containing mirror neurons according to Rizzolatti (Rizzolatti et al., 2014; Rizzolatti and Craighero, 2004)....
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...MARK (Rizzolatti et al., 1996)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

An automated method for neuroanatomic and cytoarchitectonic atlas-based interrogation of fMRI data sets

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Joseph A. Maldjian¹, Paul J. Laurienti¹, Robert A. Kraft¹, Jonathan H. Burdette¹•Institutions (1)

Wake Forest University¹

01 Jul 2003-NeuroImage

TL;DR: This paper provides a powerful method of probing fMRI data using automatically generated masks based on lobar anatomy, cortical and subcortical anatomy, and Brodmann areas based on an automated atlas-based masking technique.

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4,998 citations

"Neural foundations of overt and cov..." refers methods in this paper

...ROI masks were constructed using the WFU PickAtlas tool (Maldjian et al., 2003) and the incorporated Talairach anatomic atlas (Lancaster et al., 2000) implemented in SPM 12....
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