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Journal ArticleDOI

Neurobiology of the incubation of drug craving

01 Aug 2011-Trends in Neurosciences (NIH Public Access)-Vol. 34, Iss: 8, pp 411-420
TL;DR: Recent results that have identified important brain regions involved in the incubation of drug craving in rodents are discussed, as well as evidence for the underlying cellular mechanisms.
About: This article is published in Trends in Neurosciences.The article was published on 2011-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 550 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Craving & Methamphetamine.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The work group recommendations for DSM-5 revisions included combining abuse and dependence criteria into a single substance use disorder based on consistent findings from over 200,000 study participants, dropping legal problems and adding craving as criteria, and moving gambling disorders to the chapter formerly reserved for substance-related disorders.
Abstract: Since DSM-IV was published in 1994, its approach to substance use disorders has come under scrutiny. Strengths were identified (notably, reliability and validity of dependence), but concerns have also arisen. The DSM-5 Substance-Related Disorders Work Group considered these issues and recommended revisions for DSM-5. General concerns included whether to retain the division into two main disorders (dependence and abuse), whether substance use disorder criteria should be added or removed, and whether an appropriate substance use disorder severity indicator could be identified. Specific issues included possible addition of withdrawal syndromes for several substances, alignment of nicotine criteria with those for other substances, addition of biomarkers, and inclusion of nonsubstance, behavioral addictions.This article presents the major issues and evidence considered by the work group, which included literature reviews and extensive new data analyses. The work group recommendations for DSM-5 revisions includ...

1,039 citations


Cites background from "Neurobiology of the incubation of d..."

  • ...Craving is an exception because it can persist long into remission (109, 110)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Multiple mechanisms by which drugs alter the transcriptional potential of genes are reviewed, including alterations in the accessibility of genes within their native chromatin structure induced by histone tail modifications and DNA methylation, and the regulation of gene expression by non-coding RNAs.
Abstract: Investigations of long-term changes in brain structure and function that accompany chronic exposure to drugs of abuse suggest that alterations in gene regulation contribute substantially to the addictive phenotype. Here, we review multiple mechanisms by which drugs alter the transcriptional potential of genes. These mechanisms range from the mobilization or repression of the transcriptional machinery - including the transcription factors ΔFOSB, cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) - to epigenetics - including alterations in the accessibility of genes within their native chromatin structure induced by histone tail modifications and DNA methylation, and the regulation of gene expression by non-coding RNAs. Increasing evidence implicates these various mechanisms of gene regulation in the lasting changes that drugs of abuse induce in the brain, and offers novel inroads for addiction therapy.

864 citations


Cites background from "Neurobiology of the incubation of d..."

  • ...Instead, the field needs to make greater use of drug self-administration and relapse assays, which are considered the best available animal models of addictio...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The incentive-sensitization theory posits the essence of drug addiction to be excessive amplification specifically of psychological "wanting," especially triggered by cues, without necessarily an amplification of "liking."
Abstract: Rewards are both "liked" and "wanted," and those 2 words seem almost interchangeable. However, the brain circuitry that mediates the psychological process of "wanting" a particular reward is dissociable from circuitry that mediates the degree to which it is "liked." Incentive salience or "wanting," a form of motivation, is generated by large and robust neural systems that include mesolimbic dopamine. By comparison, "liking," or the actual pleasurable impact of reward consumption, is mediated by smaller and fragile neural systems, and is not dependent on dopamine. The incentive-sensitization theory posits the essence of drug addiction to be excessive amplification specifically of psychological "wanting," especially triggered by cues, without necessarily an amplification of "liking." This is because of long-lasting changes in dopamine-related motivation systems of susceptible individuals, called "neural sensitization." A quarter-century after its proposal, evidence has continued to grow in support the incentive-sensitization theory. Further, its scope is now expanding to include diverse behavioral addictions and other psychopathologies. (PsycINFO Database Record

787 citations


Cites background from "Neurobiology of the incubation of d..."

  • ...increase in relapse vulnerability after a month or so of drug abstinence (Pickens et al., 2011)....

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  • ...…fade over months of drug abstinence – if anything, sensitization grows for some time during abstinence (Paulson & Robinson, 1995), a phenomenon sometimes called ‘incubation of drug craving’, which is an increase in relapse vulnerability after a month or so of drug abstinence (Pickens et al., 2011)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that opiate addiction and psychostimulant addiction are behaviourally and neurobiologically distinct and that the differences have important implications for addiction treatment, addiction theories and future research.
Abstract: The publication of the psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction in 1987 and the finding that addictive drugs increase dopamine concentrations in the rat mesolimbic system in 1988 have led to a predominance of psychobiological theories that consider addiction to opiates and addiction to psychostimulants as essentially identical phenomena. Indeed, current theories of addiction - hedonic allostasis, incentive sensitization, aberrant learning and frontostriatal dysfunction - all argue for a unitary account of drug addiction. This view is challenged by behavioural, cognitive and neurobiological findings in laboratory animals and humans. Here, we argue that opiate addiction and psychostimulant addiction are behaviourally and neurobiologically distinct and that the differences have important implications for addiction treatment, addiction theories and future research.

429 citations


Cites background from "Neurobiology of the incubation of d..."

  • ...The use of reinstatement and extinction procedures has led to the discovery of incubation of drug craving...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ventral subiculum and lateral hypothalamus are highlighted as emerging brain areas important for reinstatement of drug seeking across drug classes and the existence of differences in brain mechanisms controlling reinstatement in drug seeking is highlighted.
Abstract: Results from many clinical studies suggest that drug relapse and craving are often provoked by acute exposure to the self-administered drug or related drugs, drug-associated cues or contexts, or certain stressors. During the last two decades, this clinical scenario has been studied in laboratory animals by using the reinstatement model. In this model, reinstatement of drug seeking by drug priming, drug cues or contexts, or certain stressors is assessed following drug self-administration training and subsequent extinction of the drug-reinforced responding. In this review, we first summarize recent (2009–present) neurobiological findings from studies using the reinstatement model. We then discuss emerging research topics, including the impact of interfering with putative reconsolidation processes on cue- and context-induced reinstatement of drug seeking, and similarities and differences in mechanisms of reinstatement across drug classes. We conclude by discussing results from recent human studies that were inspired by results from rat studies using the reinstatement model. Main conclusions from the studies reviewed highlight: (1) the ventral subiculum and lateral hypothalamus as emerging brain areas important for reinstatement of drug seeking, (2) the existence of differences in brain mechanisms controlling reinstatement of drug seeking across drug classes, (3) the utility of the reinstatement model for assessing the effect of reconsolidation-related manipulations on cue-induced drug seeking, and (4) the encouraging pharmacological concordance between results from rat studies using the reinstatement model and human laboratory studies on cue- and stress-induced drug craving.

399 citations


Cites background or result from "Neurobiology of the incubation of d..."

  • ...Also included in the figure are a much smaller number of studies on incubation of drug craving (Pickens et al. 2011), a phenomenon originally demonstrated in studies using the reinstatement model (Grimm et al....

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  • ...We do not provide, in this review, an update on mechanisms of incubation of drug craving because we covered this topic in two recent reviews (Marchant et al. 2013; Pickens et al. 2011)....

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analyses of the determinants of earthquake-triggered landsliding in the Czech Republic over a period of 18 months in order to establish a probabilistic framework for estimating the intensity of the earthquake.
Abstract: Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. References. List of Structures. Index of Abbreviations. Diagrams.

57,116 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the change from voluntary drug use to more habitual and compulsive drug use represents a transition at the neural level from prefrontal cortical to striatal control over drug seeking and drug taking behavior as well as a progression from ventral to more dorsal domains of the striatum, involving its dopaminergic innervation.
Abstract: Drug addiction is increasingly viewed as the endpoint of a series of transitions from initial drug use--when a drug is voluntarily taken because it has reinforcing, often hedonic, effects--through loss of control over this behavior, such that it becomes habitual and ultimately compulsive. Here we discuss evidence that these transitions depend on interactions between pavlovian and instrumental learning processes. We hypothesize that the change from voluntary drug use to more habitual and compulsive drug use represents a transition at the neural level from prefrontal cortical to striatal control over drug seeking and drug taking behavior as well as a progression from ventral to more dorsal domains of the striatum, involving its dopaminergic innervation. These neural transitions may themselves depend on the neuroplasticity in both cortical and striatal structures that is induced by chronic self-administration of drugs.

3,439 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
21 May 1993-Science
TL;DR: In embryonic midbrain cultures, recombinant human GDNF promoted the survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increased their high-affinity dopamine uptake and did not increase total neuron or astrocyte numbers or transmitter uptake.
Abstract: A potent neurotrophic factor that enhances survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons was purified and cloned. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a glycosylated, disulfide-bonded homodimer that is a distantly related member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. In embryonic midbrain cultures, recombinant human GDNF promoted the survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increased their high-affinity dopamine uptake. These effects were relatively specific; GDNF did not increase total neuron or astrocyte numbers nor did it increase transmitter uptake by gamma-aminobutyric-containing and serotonergic neurons. GDNF may have utility in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, which is marked by progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.

3,236 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By this account, neurotrophins may participate in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, linking synaptic activity with long-term functional and structural modification of synaptic connections.
Abstract: The role of neurotrophins as regulatory factors that mediate the differentiation and survival of neurons has been well described. More recent evidence indicates that neurotrophins may also act as synaptic modulators. Here, I review the evidence that synaptic activity regulates the synthesis, secretion and action of neurotrophins, which can in turn induce immediate changes in synaptic efficacy and morphology. By this account, neurotrophins may participate in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, linking synaptic activity with long-term functional and structural modification of synaptic connections.

1,783 citations


"Neurobiology of the incubation of d..." refers background in this paper

  • ...ERK activation also mediates some of the physiological effects of both BDNF and GDNF [63], including those related to the effects of exogenous BDNF and GDNF administration on drug-related behaviors [64–67] (see below)....

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  • ...Ghitza UE, et al. Role of BDNF and GDNF in drug reward and relapse: a review....

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  • ...Finally, the findings that inhibition of ERK activity in VTA reverses the effect of exogenous administration of both BDNF and GDNF in VTA on incubation of cocaine craving suggest that local ERK activity contributes to the effects of these growth factors on incubation of cocaine craving (see Fig....

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  • ...These studies indicate that signaling pathways in the VTA that are downstream of the neurotrophins BDNF and GDNF play an important role in the incubation of cocaine craving....

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  • ...N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript Role of BDNF and GDNF in the VTA and NAc BDNF and GDNF are neurotrophic factors that are important for the survival and function of midbrain dopamine neurons [74–76]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Members of the nerve growth factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor families — comprising neurotrophins and GDNF-family ligands (GFLs) — are crucial for the development and maintenance of distinct sets of central and peripheral neurons.
Abstract: Members of the nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) families — comprising neurotrophins and GDNF-family ligands (GFLs), respectively — are crucial for the development and maintenance of distinct sets of central and peripheral neurons. Knockout studies in the mouse have revealed that members of these two families might collaborate or act sequentially in a given neuron. Although neurotrophins and GFLs activate common intracellular signalling pathways through their receptor tyrosine kinases, several clear differences exist between these families of trophic factors.

1,711 citations


"Neurobiology of the incubation of d..." refers background in this paper

  • ...These neurotrophic factors also play a significant role in synaptic plasticity during development as well plasticity events associated with learning and memory [63, 77]....

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