Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orexin) Project to Multiple Neuronal Systems
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Cites background or result from "Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orex..."
...…basal forebrain area, the nucleus ac-In order to determine the neuroanatomical basis for the sleep abnormalities observed in narcolepsy, several cumbens, and the amygdala (Peyron et al., 1998; Date et al., 1999; Nambu et al., 1999), are also consistent withcomplementary approaches have been taken....
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...These experiments have shown that tine nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, subtantia nigra pars compacta, and ventral widespread hypersensitivity to cholinergic stimulation likely explains abnormal REM sleep tendencies in narcotegmental area (Peyron et al., 1998; Date et al., 1999; Nambu et al., 1999; van den Pol, 1999)....
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...In narcoleptic animals, the most consistent abnormalities were observed in the areas, their projections are widely distributed throughout the brain (Peyron et al., 1998; Date et al., 1999; amygdala where significant increases in dopamine and metabolite levels were reported in two independent Mondal et al., 1999; Nambu et al., 1999; van den Pol, 1999)....
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...In narcoleptic animals, the most consistent abnormalities were observed in theareas, their projections are widely distributed through- out the brain (Peyron et al., 1998; Date et al., 1999; amygdala where significant increases in dopamine and metabolite levels were reported in two independentMondal…...
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...…interaction between pontine cholinergic REM-on cells and aminergic locus ceptive pontine reticular formation and associated cholinergic cell groups (Peyron et al., 1998; Date et al., 1999;coeruleus (LC) REM-off cells and their projection sites (Mignot et al., 1993b; Nishino and Mignot, 1997)....
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2,295 citations
Cites background from "Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orex..."
...They have ascending projections to the cerebral cortex, as well as descending projections to all the monoaminergic and cholinergic cell groups of the arousal system...
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1,939 citations
Cites background from "Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orex..."
...However, the widespread distribution of Hcrt projection fields, with dense localization in monoaminergic cell groups, suggested other physiological function...
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References
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"Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orex..." refers background in this paper
...More recently, screening of high-resolution HPLC fractions on cell lines expressing orphan G-protein–coupled receptors resulted in the isolation of two peptides called orexin A and B (Sakurai et al., 1998) that are identical to hypocretin 1 and 2, respectively....
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...Sakurai et al. (1998) described orexin (hcrt) neurons as a discrete set of cells in the hypothalamic and subthalamic areas such as the zona incerta and the subincertal and the subthalamic nuclei....
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...These two peptides activate two distinct G-protein– coupled receptors, OX1 and OX2 (Sakurai et al., 1998)....
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...Sakurai et al. (1998) reported that intracerebroventricular injection of hcrt stimulates food intake....
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...Indeed, Sakurai et al. (1998) recently showed that orexin A (hcrt-1) and B (hcrt-2) stimulate food intake when injected intracerebroventricularly and that the mRNA accumulates during fasting....
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4,344 citations
"Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orex..." refers methods in this paper
...Using the method of Abercrombie (1946), we found 682.62 6 11.97 neurons on each side based on four brains stained with each antibody....
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...The number of labeled cells in the brain was estimated using the method of Abercrombie (1946)....
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3,558 citations
"Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orex..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The cell body staining obtained with both antisera (#2050 and #2123) and by autoradiographic (refer to de Lecea et al., 1998) and colorimetric in situ hybridization is indistinguishable (Figs....
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...A nucleotide sequence encoding a 130 residue protein called preprohypocretin (hcrt) was isolated from this hypothalamus-enriched cDNA library (Sutcliffe et al., 1997; de Lecea et al., 1998)....
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...We have shown previously that hcrt has an excitatory effect on hypothalamic cells in vitro (de Lecea et al., 1998) and, in the present study, that the perifornical input to the PVN includes hcrt axons....
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...…its expression in hypothalamic neurons, and its accumulation in vesicles of axon terminals suggested that the hcrt peptides may have intercellular signaling activity, and synthetic hcrt-2 was excitatory when applied to synaptically coupled rat hypothalamic neurons in vitro (de Lecea et al., 1998)....
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1,571 citations
"Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orex..." refers background in this paper
...These brainstem structures are known to be closely associated with cardiovascular function (Lindgren, 1961; Reis and Cuénod, 1965; Calaresu and Ciriello, 1980; for review, see Dampney, 1994)....
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...…regulation such as the rostral ventrolateral medulla, the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, the locus coeruleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the midbrain periaqueductal gray, the A5 noradrenergic cell group, the parabrachial region, and the area postrema (for review, see Dampney, 1994)....
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