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Journal ArticleDOI

Neutrino Portal to FIMP Dark Matter with an Early Matter Era

02 Mar 2021-Journal of High Energy Physics (Springer Berlin Heidelberg)-Vol. 2021, Iss: 3, pp 1-41
TL;DR: In this paper, the freeze-in production of Feebly interacting massive particle (FIMP) dark matter candidates through a neutrino portal is studied, where the heavy neutrinos are assumed to be degenerated and mediating the interactions between the hidden and the SM sectors.
Abstract: We study the freeze-in production of Feebly Interacting Massive Particle (FIMP) dark matter candidates through a neutrino portal. We consider a hidden sector comprised of a fermion and a complex scalar, with the lightest one regarded as a FIMP candidate. We implement the Type-I Seesaw mechanism for generating the masses of the Standard Model (SM) neutrinos by introducing three heavy neutrinos which are assumed to be degenerated, for simplicity, and are also responsible for mediating the interactions be- tween the hidden and the SM sectors. We assume that an early matter-dominated (EMD) era took place for some period between inflation and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, making the Universe to expand faster than in the standard radiation-dominated era. In this case, the hidden and SM sectors are easily decoupled and larger couplings between FIMPs and SM particles are needed from the relic density constraints. In this context, we discuss the dynamics of dark matter throughout the modified cosmic history, evaluate the relevant constraints of the model and discuss the consequences of the duration of the EMD era for the dark matter production. Finally, we show that if the heavy neutrinos are not part of the thermal bath, this scenario becomes testable through indirect detection searches.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The existence of nonzero neutrino masses points to the likely existence of multiple Standard Model neutral fermions, referred to as heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: The existence of nonzero neutrino masses points to the likely existence of multiple Standard Model neutral fermions. When such states are heavy enough that they cannot be produced in oscillations, they are referred to as heavy neutral leptons (HNLs). In this white paper, we discuss the present experimental status of HNLs including colliders, beta decay, accelerators, as well as astrophysical and cosmological impacts. We discuss the importance of continuing to search for HNLs, and its potential impact on our understanding of key fundamental questions, and additionally we outline the future prospects for next-generation future experiments or upcoming accelerator run scenarios.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors studied the impact of a time-dependent decay width of the inflaton on the dark matter abundance, emphasizing the differences with respect to the cases where the decay is either instantaneous or constant.
Abstract: It is typically assumed that during reheating the inflaton decays with a constant decay width. However, this is not guaranteed and can have a strong impact on the dark matter (DM) genesis. In the context of the ultraviolet (UV) freeze-in mechanism, if the operators connecting the dark and visible sectors are of sufficiently high mass dimension, the bulk of the DM abundance is produced during and not after reheating. We study here the impact of a time-dependent decay width of the inflaton on the DM abundance, emphasizing the differences with respect to the cases where the decay is either instantaneous or constant. We also provide concrete examples for DM production via UV freeze-in, e.g., from 2-to-2 scatterings of standard model particles, or from inflaton scatterings or decays, elucidating how the time-dependence influences the DM yield.

22 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a primordial black hole (PBH) was formed by the collapse of non-topological solitons called Fermi-balls, which form via trapping fermions in the false vacuum during the first-order electroweak phase transition (FOEWPT).
Abstract: We propose a mechanism that forms primordial black holes (PBHs) via a first-order electroweak phase transition (FOEWPT). The FOEWPT is realized by extending the Standard Model with a real singlet scalar, while the PBH formation is achieved by the collapse of non-topological solitons called Fermi-balls. Such solitons form via trapping fermions in the false vacuum during the FOEWPT, and they eventually collapse into PBHs due to the internal Yukawa attractive force. We demonstrate that a scenario with PBH dark matter candidate can exist, and the typical experimental signals include FOEWPT gravitational waves and the multi-lepton/jet or displaced vertex final states at the LHC.

22 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the observed DM relic abundance can be reproduced with scalar DM mass in the MeV range, with a reheating temperature varying from 10 GeV to 109 GeV.
Abstract: We study the possibility that Dark Matter (DM) is made of Feebly Interacting Massive Particles (FIMP) interacting just gravitationally with the Standard Model particles in the framework of a Clockwork/Linear Dilaton (CW/LD) model. We restrict here to the case in which the DM particles are scalar fields. This paper extends our previous study of FIMP’s in Randall-Sundrum (RS) warped extra-dimensions. As it was the case in the RS scenario, also in the CW/LD model we find a significant region of the parameter space in which the observed DM relic abundance can be reproduced with scalar DM mass in the MeV range, with a reheating temperature varying from 10 GeV to 109 GeV. We comment on the similarities of the results in both extra-dimensional models.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors study the freeze-in production of dark matter (DM) in classically scale invariant U(1) X gauge extension of the Standard Model (SM), and find that the out-of-equilibrium scattering processes involving particles in the thermal bath lead to significantly suppressed DM production in this era, thereby enhancing the couplings between the visible and the dark sector.
Abstract: Detecting dark matter (DM) relic via freeze-in is difficult in laboratories due to smallness of the couplings involved. However, a non-standard cosmological history of the Universe, prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), can dramatically change this scenario. In this context, we study the freeze-in production of dark matter (DM) in classically scale invariant U(1) X gauge extension of the Standard Model (SM), recently dubbed as the Scale Invariant FIMP Miracle. We assume an additional species dominates the energy density of the Universe at early times, causing the expansion rate at a given temperature to be larger than that in the standard radiation-dominated case. We find, the out-of-equilibrium scattering processes involving particles in the thermal bath lead to significantly suppressed DM production in this era, thereby enhancing the couplings between the visible and the dark sector (by several orders of magnitude) to satisfy the observed DM abundance, and improving the detection prospects for freeze-in in turn. Scale invariance of the underlying theory leaves only four free parameters in the model: the DM mass mX , the gauge coupling gX , the temperature of transition TR from early scalar-dominated to radiation-dominated era and the power-law dependence n of this temperature. We show, within this minimal set-up, experiments like FASER, MATHUSLA, DUNE, SHiP will be probing various cosmological models depending on the choice of {n, TR } that also satisfy the PLANCK observed relic density bound. Moreover, due to the presence of a naturally light scalar mediator, the direct detection of the DM at XENON1T, PandaX-4T or XENONnT becomes relevant for Higgs-scalar mixing sinθ ≃ {10-5–10-3}, thus providing complementary probes for freeze-in, as well as for non-standard cosmological pre-BBN era.

16 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In weak-interaction models with spontaneous parity nonconservation, this article obtained the following formula for the neutrino mass, valid for each lepton generation, which relates the maximality of observed parity non-conservation at low energies to the smallness of neutrinos masses.
Abstract: In weak-interaction models with spontaneous parity nonconservation, based on the gauge group $\mathrm{SU}{(2)}_{L}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{SU}{(2)}_{R}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{U}(1)$, we obtain the following formula for the neutrino mass: ${m}_{{\ensuremath{ u}}_{e}}\ensuremath{\simeq}\frac{{{m}_{e}}^{2}}{g{m}_{{W}_{R}}}$, where ${W}_{R}$ is the gauge boson which mediates right-handed weak interactions. This formula, valid for each lepton generation, relates the maximality of observed parity nonconservation at low energies to the smallness of neutrino masses.

4,895 citations


"Neutrino Portal to FIMP Dark Matter..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...In addition to this, the model contains three heavy neutrinos, N , responsible for mediating the interactions between the visible and the hidden sectors and generating the neutrino mass through Type-I Seesaw mechanism [59–63]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current status of particle dark matter, including experimental evidence and theoretical motivations, including direct and indirect detection techniques, is discussed in this paper. But the authors focus on neutralinos in models of supersymmetry and Kaluza-Klein dark matter in universal extra dimensions.

4,614 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that lepton number conservation, purely left-handed charged weak currents and vanishing neutrino masses are a limiting case of a parity symmetric SU2L × SUR × U2V gauge theory.

4,076 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the neutrinos belonging to isodoublets and neutrino isosinglets should decay into three lighter ones, which has the same effect as the neutral currents.
Abstract: We analyze SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1) theories, denoted by ($n, m$), in which there are $n$ neutrinos belonging to isodoublets and $m$ neutrino isosinglets. The charged-current weak interactions are described by a rectangular matrix $K$ which we explicitly parametrize. The neutral-current neutrino interactions are described by a square matrix $P={K}^{+}K$. This has the consequences that neutrinos may decay into three lighter ones and that neutrino oscillations involving neutral-current interactions should exist. The general formalism for the latter situation is given. Associated material on parametrization of unitary matrices and the quantum theory of Majorana particles is also briefly discussed.

2,929 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The developments presented here lead to further improvements in sampling efficiency and robustness, as compared to the original algorit hm presented in Feroz & Hobson (2008), which itself significantly outperformed existi ng MCMC techniques in a wide range of astrophysical inference problems.
Abstract: We present further development and the first public release o f our multimodal nested sampling algorithm, called MULTINEST. This Bayesian inference tool calculates the evidence, with an associated error estimate, and produces posterior s amples from distributions that may contain multiple modes and pronounced (curving) degeneracies in high dimensions. The developments presented here lead to further substantia l improvements in sampling efficiency and robustness, as compared to the original algorit hm presented in Feroz & Hobson (2008), which itself significantly outperformed existi ng MCMC techniques in a wide range of astrophysical inference problems. The accuracy and economy of the MULTINEST algorithm is demonstrated by application to two toy problems and to a cosmological in

2,536 citations