New genes as drivers of phenotypic evolution.
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
This work has shown that new genes, despite being present in the genomes of only a subset of species, can rapidly evolve indispensable roles in fundamental biological processes, including development, reproduction, brain function and behaviour.Abstract:
Genes that have originated in recent evolution are present in only a subset of organisms and are often assumed to be dispensable or redundant. This Review discusses our latest understanding of how new genes in diverse species have actually evolved to have important functions in diverse developmental and physiological processes in various organisms. During the course of evolution, genomes acquire novel genetic elements as sources of functional and phenotypic diversity, including new genes that originated in recent evolution. In the past few years, substantial progress has been made in understanding the evolution and phenotypic effects of new genes. In particular, an emerging picture is that new genes, despite being present in the genomes of only a subset of species, can rapidly evolve indispensable roles in fundamental biological processes, including development, reproduction, brain function and behaviour. The molecular underpinnings of how new genes can develop these roles are starting to be characterized. These recent discoveries yield fresh insights into our broad understanding of biological diversity at refined resolution.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The ctenophore genome and the evolutionary origins of neural systems
Leonid L. Moroz,Kevin M. Kocot,Mathew R. Citarella,Sohn Dosung,Tigran P. Norekian,Inna S. Povolotskaya,Anastasia P. Grigorenko,Christopher A. Dailey,Eugene Berezikov,Katherine M. Buckley,Andrey A. Ptitsyn,Denis A. Reshetov,Krishanu Mukherjee,Tatiana P. Moroz,Yelena Bobkova,Fahong Yu,Vladimir V. Kapitonov,Jerzy Jurka,Yuri V. Bobkov,Joshua J. Swore,Joshua J. Swore,David Orion Girardo,David Orion Girardo,Alexander Fodor,Fedor Gusev,Fedor Gusev,Rachel Sanford,Rebecca Bruders,Rebecca Bruders,Ellen L. W. Kittler,Claudia E. Mills,Jonathan P. Rast,Romain Derelle,Victor V. Solovyev,Fyodor A. Kondrashov,Billie J. Swalla,Jonathan V. Sweedler,Evgeny I. Rogaev,Kenneth M. Halanych,Andrea B. Kohn +39 more
TL;DR: The draft genome of Pleurobrachia bachei, Pacific sea gooseberry, together with ten other ctenophore transcriptomes, are presented, and show that they are remarkably distinct from other animal genomes in their content of neurogenic, immune and developmental genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Tea Tree Genome Provides Insights into Tea Flavor and Independent Evolution of Caffeine Biosynthesis
En-Hua Xia,En-Hua Xia,Haibin Zhang,Haibin Zhang,Jun Sheng,Kui Li,Kui Li,Qun-Jie Zhang,Changhoon Kim,Yun Zhang,Yuan Liu,Yuan Liu,Ting Zhu,Ting Zhu,Wei Li,Wei Li,Hui Huang,Hui Huang,Yan Tong,Hong Nan,Cong Shi,Chao Shi,Chao Shi,Jian-Jun Jiang,Jian-Jun Jiang,Shu-Yan Mao,Jun-Ying Jiao,Dan Zhang,Dan Zhang,Yuan Zhao,You-Jie Zhao,Li-Ping Zhang,Yun-Long Liu,Ben-Ying Liu,Yue Yu,Sheng-Fu Shao,De-Jiang Ni,Evan E. Eichler,Li-Zhi Gao,Li-Zhi Gao +39 more
TL;DR: A comparative study among 25 Camellia species revealed that higher expression levels of most flavonoid- and caffeine- but not theanine-related genes contribute to the increased production of catechins and caffeine and thus enhance tea-processing suitability and tea quality.
Journal ArticleDOI
New Gene Evolution: Little Did We Know
TL;DR: Findings showing that new genes rapidly change existing genetic systems that govern various molecular, cellular, and phenotypic functions are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
De novo gene birth.
TL;DR: Most studies of de novo genes to date have thus focused on young genes, typically taxonomically-restricted genes that are present in a single species or lineage, including socalled orphan genes, defined as genes that lack any identifiable homolog.
Journal ArticleDOI
Population genomics of the honey bee reveals strong signatures of positive selection on worker traits.
Brock A. Harpur,Clement F. Kent,Daria Molodtsova,Jonathan M. D. Lebon,Abdulaziz S. Alqarni,Ayman A. Owayss,Amro Zayed +6 more
TL;DR: The footprints of positive selection in Apis mellifera are mapped through analysis of 40 individual genomes, allowing us to identify thousands of genes and regulatory sequences with signatures of adaptive evolution over multiple timescales and to highlight the significant contribution of worker phenotypes to adaptive evolution in social insects.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes.
Andrea H. Brand,Norbert Perrimon +1 more
TL;DR: The GAL4 system, a system for targeted gene expression that allows the selective activation of any cloned gene in a wide variety of tissue- and cell-specific patterns, has been designed and used to expand the domain of embryonic expression of the homeobox protein even-skipped.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lethality and centrality in protein networks
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the phenotypic consequence of a single gene deletion in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is affected to a large extent by the topological position of its protein product in the complex hierarchical web of molecular interactions.
Book
Ontogeny and Phylogeny
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a clock model of Heterochrony, which is a mechanism for separating the three stages of the development of an organism: birth, growth, and death.
Journal ArticleDOI
Post-embryonic cell lineages of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans
John Sulston,H.R. Horvitz +1 more
TL;DR: These cell lineages range in length from one to eight sequential divisions and lead to significant developmental changes in the neuronal, muscular, hypodermal, and digestive systems and are determined by direct observation of the divisions, migrations, and deaths of individual cells in living nematodes.
Related Papers (5)
The origin of new genes: glimpses from the young and old
Proto-genes and de novo gene birth
Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis,Thomas Rolland,Ilan Wapinski,Michael A. Calderwood,Muhammed A. Yildirim,Nicolas Simonis,Nicolas Simonis,Benoit Charloteaux,Benoit Charloteaux,César A. Hidalgo,Justin Barbette,Balaji Santhanam,Gloria A. Brar,Jonathan S. Weissman,Aviv Regev,Aviv Regev,Nicolas Thierry-Mieg,Michael E. Cusick,Marc Vidal +18 more