Journal Article•
New observations on barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia) of the Azores region
TL;DR: The degree of endemicity of Azorean barnacles is currently being revised, but most species reported from the Azores are widely distributed in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and the diversity of the shallow water group is low.
Abstract: Additions and revisions are made to the list of Cimpedia recorded from the Azores, including samples taken near hydrothermal vents and in the intertidal zone. Observations are reported on the distribution and breeding of Tesseropora atlantica, a relict oceanic species, not found on the continents, that incubates its larvae to the short-lived cypris stage. The degree of endemicity of Azorean barnacles is currently being revised, but most species . reported from the Azores are widely distributed in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The diversity of the shallow water group is low.
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TL;DR: The role of isolated islands in allopatric speciation of these organisms is discussed in relation to dispersal and the usefulness of Macaronesia as a model system to explore speciation in intertidal organisms is emphasized.
Abstract: The special features of the intertidal ecosystems of remote islands are reviewed briefly before focusing on the littoral zone of Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira and Canaries). Distribution patterns are briefly compared with other European shores. Species missing from the Azores compared with Madeira, the Canaries and continental European shores are listed. The degree of genetic differentiation within and amongst selected important species of gastropods (Patella spp.) and barnacles (Chthamalus spp.) in Macaronesia is reviewed. The role of isolated islands in allopatric speciation of these organisms is discussed in relation to dispersal. Possible threats to the populations and communities of rocky shores in Macaronesia are considered in the context of the endemic nature of certain species. The importance of studies of basic ecology and genetics to inform resource management and conservation is highlighted. Future research directions are indicated, emphasizing the usefulness of Macaronesia as a model system to explore speciation in intertidal organisms.
109 citations
Cites background from "New observations on barnacles (Crus..."
...What exactly is the status ofMegabalanus azoricusin the Azores compared to the rest of Macaronesia (Southward, 1998)?...
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...Its relationship with supposed conspecifics in Bermuda also warrants further investigation (Southward, 1998)....
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...opera atlantica, a species which broods its nauplii and only releases larvae at the cyprid stage (Southward, 1998)....
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...What exactly is the status ofMegabalanus azoricusin the Azores compared to the rest of Macaronesia (Southward, 1998)? Of greater interest is the degree of genetic isolation between islands in the Azorean ar-...
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...Of greater interest is the degree of genetic isolation between islands in the Azorean archipelago (and possibly also in Madeira) ofTesseropera atlantica, a species which broods its nauplii and only releases larvae at the cyprid stage (Southward, 1998)....
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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: These are the introduced, cryptogenic, and range expanding barnacles of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North and South America, and an increased diversity of introductions in close concert with general observations of increasing invasions globally of marine organisms after World War II.
Abstract: Barnacles are some of the most conspicuous and well-known ship fouling organisms in the world and thus many species no doubt owe parts of their modern distribution to human-mediated translocations over the past several centuries. Reviewed here, as a window into global patterns, are the introduced, cryptogenic, and range expanding barnacles of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North and South America. Five species of thoracic barnacles have invaded the Pacific coasts of the Americas: Amphibalanus improvisus, A. eburneus, and A. subalbidus, all from the Atlantic, and A. amphitrite and A. reticulatus from the Indo-West Pacific. Seven species have invaded the Atlantic coasts of the Americas; six of these are from the Pacific: A. amphitrite and A. reticulatus (shared as invaders with the Pacific coast) , and Balanus trigonus, B. glandula, Striatobalanus amaryllis, and Megabalanus coccopoma. The Western North Atlantic A. subalbidus has invaded the Western South Atlantic. Striking are the few barnacle invasions that have occurred on the Pacific coast of South America and these species (A. improvisus, A. amphitrite and A. reticulatus) are reported only from northernmost locations (Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru) . For the first 100 years (1853–1955) two species, A. amphitrite and A. improvisus, constituted the majority of invasion events in the Americas, the sole exception being the arrival of the Pacific Balanus trigonus in the 1860s and 1870s in the Atlantic. After 1955, the first records of invasions of A. reticulatus, A. eburneus, B. glandula, M. coccopoma, and S. amaryllis appear, an increased diversity of introductions in close concert with general observations of increasing invasions globally of marine organisms after World War II. Known since the 1970s in Brazil, M. coccopoma appears to be responding to warming northern latitudes and has expanded to North Carolina as of 2005. The native Western Atlantic barnacle Chthamalus fragilis arrived in New England in the 1890s, a range expansion perhaps facilitated by an earlier coastal warming period concomitant with the decline in abundance of its colder-water competitor Semibalanus balanoides, although the latter also appears to have expanded south on the North American Atlantic coast in the twentieth century due to increased habitat availability. Chthamalus is predicted to move north, and Semibalanus is predicted to return to its historical range, both due to continued warming. In turn, the native Eastern North Pacific barnacle Tetraclita rubescens is expanding north due to coastal warming as well. Future invasion scenarios include increased introductions facilitated through a newly expanded Panama Canal, the potential arrival of Austrominius modestus on the North American Atlantic coast (despite its failure to do so throughout the last half of the twentieth century) , and the arrival on the warmer North and Central American Pacific coasts of Chthamalus proteus.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review provides information of climate change-related impacts on the marine benthos in the North Atlantic, including the responses to changes in seawater temperature, altered hydrodynamics, ocean acidification, and sea-level rise-coastal squeeze.
Abstract: There is growing evidence that climate change could affectmarine benthic systems.
This review provides information of climate change-related impacts on the marine
benthos in the North Atlantic. We cover a number of related research aspects,
mainly in connection to two key issues. First, is the relationship between different
physical aspects of climate change and the marine benthos. This section covers:
(a) the responses to changes in seawater temperature (biogeographic shifts and
phenology); (b) altered Hydrodynamics; (c) ocean acidification (OA); and (d)
sea-level rise-coastal squeeze. The second major issue addressed is the possible
integrated impact of climate change on the benthos. This work is based on
relationships between proxies for climate variability, notably the North Atlantic
Oscillation (NAO) index, and the long-term marine benthos. The final section of
our review provides a series of conclusions and future directions to support climate
change research on marine benthic systems.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an updated list of NIS registered in Portuguese coastal and estuarine waters, including mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira archipelagos.
Abstract: Trends in abundance, temporal occurrence and spatial distribution of marine and brackish non-indigenous species (NIS) are part of the indicators to assess the compliance of Good Environmental Status in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (EU-MSFD). European-wide regional and national databases for NIS will be useful for the implementation of the EU-MSFD but there are still spatial gaps for some regions and taxonomic groups. In 2009, Portugal was among the countries with the lowest reported numbers of NIS in Europe and a national online database on NIS was not available. This study provides an updated list of NIS registered in Portuguese coastal and estuarine waters, including mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira archipelagos. A list of 133 NIS was cataloged, most of which recorded in the last three decades, showing that this area of the North Atlantic is no less prone to introductions than neighboring areas. Most NIS reported in the current inventory are native in the Indo-Pacific region. Fouling and ballast water are the most likely introduction vectors of NIS in the studied area but shipping routes connecting to the NIS native regions are rare, indicating that most species are secondary introductions. The high number of NIS in the Azores and Madeira islands indicates that this ecosystem type seems to be more susceptible to invasions but these preliminary results might be biased by a higher number of studies and knowledge on the NIS occurrence on the islands.
84 citations
References
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01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIVERSITY as discussed by the authors is a member of the TEXAS-A&M University System and is ACCREDITED by the COMMISSION on COLLEGES of the SOUTHERN ASSOCIATION of COLLEGE and Schools.
Abstract: PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIVERSITY IS A MEMBER OF THE TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM AND IS ACCREDITED BY THE COMMISSION ON COLLEGES OF THE SOUTHERN ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS TO AWARD BACHELOR’S, MASTER’S AND DOCTORAL DEGREES. CONTACT THE COMMISSION ON COLLEGES AT 1866 SOUTHERN LANE, DECATUR, GEORGIA 30033-4097 OR CALL 404-679-4500 FOR QUESTIONS ABOUT THE ACCREDITATION OF PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIVERSITY.
823 citations
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01 Jan 1976
290 citations
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: A history of marine research on the Azores is outlined in this paper, where a meeting point for shallow water marine fauna and flora of different origins is described, and the species composition of one of the best studied groups of organisms, the fish, is compared between locations in the northeastern Atlantic.
Abstract: A history of marine research on the Azores is outlined. Until two decades ago most oceanic and littoral marine studies had been carried out by foreign scientists. Studies by Azorean scientists started to increase in the early 1980s when the University of the Azores was created. 2. Ocean circulation in this part of the Atlantic is described as a background for biogeography and diversity. The picture emerges that Azores is a 'meeting point' for shallow water marine fauna and flora of different origins. 3. The species composition of one of the best studied groups of organisms, the fish, is compared between locations in the northeastern Atlantic. The work on fish is also compared with other well studied groups (algae and hydroids) to highlight the interest of the Azores as a natural biogeographical experiment. 4. Studies of marine resources began less than two decades ago. The development of demersal fisheries is described focusing on the switch from small-scale artisanal fishing to more commercial fisheries. 5. Conservation of species and legislation in force for molluscs, crustaceans, fishes, marine turtles, seabirds and marine mammals are summarized. 6. Protected marine areas already designated are defined, as well as new areas recommended. 7. The paper concludes with a discussion of current threats and future management strategies.
224 citations
TL;DR: A history of marine research on the Azores is outlined in this article, where a meeting point for shallow water marine fauna and flora of different origins is described, and the species composition of one of the best studied groups of organisms, the fish, is compared between locations in the northeastern Atlantic.
Abstract: 1 A history of marine research on the Azores is outlined. Until two decades ago most oceanic and littoral marine studies had been carried out by foreign scientists. Studies by Azorean scientists started to increase in the early 1980s when the University of the Azores was created. 2 Ocean circulation in this part of the Atlantic is described as a background for biogeography and diversity. The picture emerges that Azores is a ‚meeting point’ for shallow water marine fauna and flora of different origins. 3 The species composition of one of the best studied groups of organisms, the fish, is compared between locations in the northeastern Atlantic. The work on fish is also compared with other well studied groups (algae and hydroids) to highlight the interest of the Azores as a natural biogeographical experiment. 4 Studies of marine resources began less than two decades ago. The development of demersal fisheries is described focusing on the switch from small-scale artisanal fishing to more commercial fisheries. 5 Conservation of species and legislation in force for molluscs, crustaceans, fishes, marine turtles, seabirds and marine mammals are summarized. 6 Protected marine areas already designated are defined, as well as new areas recommended. 7 The paper concludes with a discussion of current threats and future management strategies.
208 citations