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Journal ArticleDOI

Newcastle disease vaccines-A solved problem or a continuous challenge?

01 Jul 2017-Veterinary Microbiology (Vet Microbiol)-Vol. 206, pp 126-136
TL;DR: A historical perspective, summary of the current situation for ND and NDV strains, and a review of traditional and experimental ND vaccines are presented.
About: This article is published in Veterinary Microbiology.The article was published on 2017-07-01 and is currently open access. It has received 237 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Vaccine efficacy & Newcastle disease.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is a particularly relevant subject as viral pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, expose the need for alternative viral inactivation methods to replace, complement or upgrade existing ones.

144 citations


Cites background from "Newcastle disease vaccines-A solved..."

  • ...Vaccines against both viruses would benefit from improvements that would allow them to be more cost-effective, provide higher immune protection, and decrease the risk of disease development by ensuring complete virus inactivation without affecting the antigens responsible for inducing the immune response [36,37]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A qualitative risk analysis was performed to evaluate the vulnerabilities of the U.S. against the introduction of virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus and the most likely routes of virus introduction are explored.
Abstract: Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which causes substantial morbidity and mortality events worldwide in poultry. The virus strains can be differentiated as lentogenic, mesogenic, or velogenic based on a mean death time in chicken embryos. Currently, velogenic strains of NDV are not endemic in United States domestic poultry; however, these strains are present in other countries and are occasionally detected in wild birds in the U.S. A viral introduction into domestic poultry could have severe economic consequences due to the loss of production from sick and dying birds, the cost of control measures such as depopulation and disinfection measures, and the trade restrictions that would likely be imposed as a result of an outbreak. Due to the disease-free status of the U.S. and the high cost of a potential viral incursion to the poultry industry, a qualitative risk analysis was performed to evaluate the vulnerabilities of the U.S. against the introduction of virulent strains of NDV. The most likely routes of virus introduction are explored and data gathered by several federal agencies is provided. Recommendations are ultimately provided for data that would be useful to further understand NDV on the landscape and to utilize all existing sampling opportunities to begin to comprehend viral movement and further characterize the risk of NDV introduction into the U.S.

118 citations

OtherDOI
13 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a detailed coverage of the history, etiology, pathobiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and intervention strategies of Newcastle disease, APMV, and avian Metapneumovirus Infections.
Abstract: The Paramyxoviridae family has several genera that include important human and veterinary pathogens such as Rubulavirus, Respiroviruses, Henipavirus, and the Avulavirus genus that contains Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and other avian paramyxoviruses (APMV). This chapter focuses on infections of poultry with NDV. It offers detailed coverage of the history, etiology, pathobiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and intervention strategies of Newcastle disease, APMV, and avian Metapneumovirus Infections. AMPV infections continue to emerge as a disease threat with four defined subtypes, A-D, being recognized and producing clinical disease in both turkeys and chickens. For effective disease management, it is important to be able to identify birds that are infected with NDV and distinguish vaccine viruses from virulent viruses. Regardless of whether ND control is applied at the international, national, or farm level, the objective is either to prevent susceptible birds from becoming infected or to reduce the number of susceptible birds by vaccination.

117 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive description of the current and emerging trends in the detection, identification, and control of ND in poultry are provided and next-generation sequencing technologies have so far proven to be promising in terms of rapid, sensitive, and accurate recognition of virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates even in mixed infections.
Abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most devastating diseases that considerably cripple the global poultry industry. Because of its enormous socioeconomic importance and potential to rapidly spread to naive birds in the vicinity, ND is included among the list of avian diseases that must be notified to the OIE immediately upon recognition. Currently, virus isolation followed by its serological or molecular identification is regarded as the gold standard method of ND diagnosis. However, this method is generally slow and requires specialised laboratory with biosafety containment facilities, making it of little relevance under epidemic situations where rapid diagnosis is seriously needed. Thus, molecular based diagnostics have evolved to overcome some of these difficulties, but the extensive genetic diversity of the virus ensures that isolates with mutations at the primer/probe binding sites escape detection using these assays. This diagnostic dilemma leads to the emergence of cutting-edge technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) which have so far proven to be promising in terms of rapid, sensitive, and accurate recognition of virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates even in mixed infections. As regards disease control strategies, conventional ND vaccines have stood the test of time by demonstrating track record of protective efficacy in the last 60 years. However, these vaccines are unable to block the replication and shedding of most of the currently circulating phylogenetically divergent virulent NDV isolates. Hence, rationally designed vaccines targeting the prevailing genotypes, the so-called genotype-matched vaccines, are highly needed to overcome these vaccination related challenges. Among the recently evolving technologies for the development of genotype-matched vaccines, reverse genetics-based live attenuated vaccines obviously appeared to be the most promising candidates. In this review, a comprehensive description of the current and emerging trends in the detection, identification, and control of ND in poultry are provided. The strengths and weaknesses of each of those techniques are also emphasised.

74 citations


Cites background from "Newcastle disease vaccines-A solved..."

  • ...Whereas members of class I isolates are grouped into only one genotype, isolates belonging to class II are further subdivided into genotypes IXVIII which are all predicted to be virulent in chicken, except some isolates in genotypes I, II, and X [21, 22]....

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  • ...In fact, there are indications that the replication and shedding of the virulent virus can be substantially reduced when much higher doses of the live vaccines are administered [21, 22]....

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Dissertation
01 Aug 2004

47 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that genetically modified NDV can be recovered from cloned cDNA and confirmed the supposition that cleavage of the F0 protein is a key determinant in virulence of NDV.
Abstract: A full-length cDNA clone of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strain LaSota was assembled from subgenomic overlapping cDNA fragments and cloned in a transcription plasmid between the T7 RNA polymerase promoter and the autocatalytic hepatitis delta virus ribozyme. Transfection of this plasmid into cells that were infected with a recombinant fowlpoxvirus that expressed T7 RNA polymerase, resulted in the synthesis of antigenomic NDV RNA. This RNA was replicated and transcribed by the viral NP, P, and L proteins, which were expressed from cotransfected plasmids. After inoculation of the transfection supernatant into embryonated specific-pathogen-free eggs, infectious virus derived from the cloned cDNA was recovered. By introducing three nucleotide changes in the cDNA, we generated a genetically tagged derivative of the LaSota strain in which the amino acid sequence of the protease cleavage site (GGRQGR↓L) of the fusion protein F0 was changed to the consensus cleavage site of virulent NDV strains (GRRQRR↓F). Pathogenicity tests in day-old chickens showed that the strain derived from the unmodified cDNA was completely nonvirulent (intracerebral pathogenicity index [ICPI] = 0.00). However, the strain derived from the cDNA in which the protease cleavage site was modified showed a dramatic increase in virulence (ICPI = 1.28 out of a possible maximum of 2.0). Pulse-chase labeling of cells infected with the different strains followed by radioimmunoprecipitation of the F protein showed that the efficiency of cleavage of the F0 protein was greatly enhanced by the amino acid replacements. These results demonstrate that genetically modified NDV can be recovered from cloned cDNA and confirm the supposition that cleavage of the F0 protein is a key determinant in virulence of NDV.

535 citations


"Newcastle disease vaccines-A solved..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...During the late 1990’s, reverse genetics technology was developed to rescue infectious NDV from assembled sub-genomic overlapping cDNA fragments under control of a T7 RNA polymerase promoter (Peeters et al., 1999; Romer-Oberdorfer et al., 1999)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study assessed the genetic diversity of the avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1) and proposed a unified nomenclature and a classification system based on objective criteria to separate NDV into genotypes to facilitate studies on NDV epidemiology, evolution, disease control and diagnostics.

334 citations


"Newcastle disease vaccines-A solved..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Within two years, two NDV strains of low virulence (B1 and LaSota) isolated from chickens from the USA were also licensed for use (Goldhaft, 1980; Hitchner, 1975)....

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  • ...When genotype V NDV strains began to be isolated in the USA, in addition to chickens, peafowl were among the birds noted to present clinical disease (Pearson and McCann, 1975)....

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  • ...Kiril M. Dimitrova, Claudio L. Afonsoa, Qingzhong Yub, Patti J. Millera,* a Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA b Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA A R T I C L E I N F O Article history: Received 26 September 2016 Received in revised form 10 December 2016 Accepted 15 December 2016 Keywords: Newcastle disease virus Antigen matched vaccines Recombinant vaccines Newcastle disease Adjuvant A B S T R A C T Newcastle disease (ND) has been defined by the World Organisation for Animal Health as infection of poultry with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV)....

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  • ...Inactivated vaccines became commercially available in the USA in 1945, but were not adopted by the poultry industry at that time as they were comparatively expensive, and were unable to prevent clinical disease to a sufficient level to merit wide spread use....

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  • ...Thus, the LaSota strain is nearly always used in countries where virulent NDV is endemic (Diel et al., 2012b)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a rapid response, fully synthetic, single-dose, adjuvant-free dendrimer nanoparticle vaccine platform wherein antigens are encoded by encapsulated mRNA replicons.
Abstract: Vaccines have had broad medical impact, but existing vaccine technologies and production methods are limited in their ability to respond rapidly to evolving and emerging pathogens, or sudden outbreaks. Here, we develop a rapid-response, fully synthetic, single-dose, adjuvant-free dendrimer nanoparticle vaccine platform wherein antigens are encoded by encapsulated mRNA replicons. To our knowledge, this system is the first capable of generating protective immunity against a broad spectrum of lethal pathogen challenges, including H1N1 influenza, Toxoplasma gondii, and Ebola virus. The vaccine can be formed with multiple antigen-expressing replicons, and is capable of eliciting both CD8+ T-cell and antibody responses. The ability to generate viable, contaminant-free vaccines within days, to single or multiple antigens, may have broad utility for a range of diseases.

318 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: All of the approximately 8,000 species of birds seem to be susceptible to infection with Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), so efforts are needed to protect birds from these viruses.
Abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) has economic and ecologic impact on pet and free-living as well as on domestic birds. Virtually all of the approximately 8,000 species of birds seem to be susceptible to infection with Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs).

318 citations


"Newcastle disease vaccines-A solved..." refers background in this paper

  • ...However, it is likely that all bird species are susceptible to infection with NDV strains, and to date, more than 236 avian species have been documented with NDV infections (Kaleta and Baldauf, 1988)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rescued virus induces a strong humoral antibody response against influenza virus and provides complete protection against a lethal dose of influenza virus challenge in mice, demonstrating the potential of recombinant NDV as a vaccine vector.
Abstract: A complete cDNA clone of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strain Hitchner B1 was constructed, and infectious recombinant virus expressing an influenza virus hemagglutinin was generated by reverse genetics. The rescued virus induces a strong humoral antibody response against influenza virus and provides complete protection against a lethal dose of influenza virus challenge in mice, demonstrating the potential of recombinant NDV as a vaccine vector.

279 citations