Newer developments in determination of structure of glycerides and phosphoglycerides
About: This article is published in Progress in The Chemistry of Fats and Other Lipids.The article was published on 1972-01-01. It has received 46 citations till now.
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TL;DR: Using this method, it is found that for each of these phospholipids from 30 to 35 different molecular species can be routinely identified and reproducibly quantitated.
523 citations
TL;DR: Challenges remain, such as assessing total fat intake, discriminating the contribution of endogenously produced fats, determining how to evaluate the importance of relative versus absolute contributions of fat and accounting for the factors that influence deposition and mobilization of individual fats within and between individuals.
Abstract: Unlike other macronutrients such as protein, the amounts and types of fat in the human diet vary tremendously across cultures and over time have changed significantly within Westernized countries. Studies of the effect that fat sources, fat amounts and changes in fat intake have on human disease are extremely difficult to conduct with traditional dietary assessment methods for a number of reasons. These include the hidden nature of many fats, the variation in fatty acids contained in foods and feed and the sensitivity of individuals to questions about fat intake in their diets. For these reasons biomarkers of fat intake are particularly desirable. Fat and fat-soluble substances have the advantages over other nutrients of a long half-life and readily accessible storage depots (in the absence of starvation, undernutrition or eating disorders). Technological advances in quantitative measurements of individual fatty acids, with the help of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS)((3)) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), made possible the study of specific isomers of minor fatty acids from small tissue samples. Technological advances also opened the gateways to the study of fats that represent less than 1% of the total fat profiles, such as decosahexanoic acid (DHA), eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Biological advances enhanced our appreciation of the differences between fats of differing chain lengths within a family, including the saturated fats. Challenges remain, such as assessing total fat intake, discriminating the contribution of endogenously produced fats, determining how to evaluate the importance of relative versus absolute contributions of fat and accounting for the factors that influence deposition and mobilization of individual fats within and between individuals. Factors that can influence deposition and mobilization include genetic variation, disease status, lifestyle differences (i.e., alcohol consumption and smoking), circulating apolipoprotein levels and the hormonal milieu of the individual and the source tissue.
495 citations
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the metabolism of molecular species of diacylglycerophospholipids, which is intimately involved with the activity of the acyl transferases and can yield beneficial results in the treatment of membrane diseases.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the metabolism of molecular species of diacylglycerophospholipids. The glycerolipid composition of cell membranes and lipoproteins is metabolically adjusted to meet specific requirements, and it does not merely reflect the supply of different fatty acids in the diet or in the cell culture medium. However, adequate adjustment cannot always be possible, and under such conditions, the cellular activity can take place in a suboptimal physicochemical environment and characteristic symptoms of a disease state can appear. As the cellular lipid composition is subject to considerable dietary and pharmacological manipulation, there can be therapeutic alterations in the composition of the molecular species of the tissues and other animal species. The metabolism of the molecular species of the glycerophospholipids is intimately involved with the activity of the acyl transferases. Therapeutic alterations in the composition of the molecular species of the glycerolipids can be feasible and can yield beneficial results in the treatment of membrane diseases.
313 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the compositions and structures of both the major and minor components in milk lipids of many species are compared, and the data are discussed in terms of the nutrient requirements of the neonatal animal.
Abstract: The lipids of milk provide energy and many essential nutrients for the newborn animal. They also have distinctive physical properties that affect the processing of dairy products. In this review, the compositions and structures of both the major and minor components in milk lipids of many species are compared, and the data are discussed in terms of the nutrient requirements of the neonatal animal. The content and composition of milks from different species vary widely; presumably, these are evolutionary adaptations to differing environments. On the other hand, the distributions of lipid classes in milks are very similar. The fatty acid compositions of milks are usually complex and distinctive, depending on the nature of the fatty acids synthesized de novo in the mammary gland and those received from the diet in each species. Characteristically, they contain short- and medium- chain fatty acids not found in other tissues. Triacylglycerols, the main lipid class, of milks from different species do, however, exhibit many structural similarities.
114 citations
TL;DR: A novel, rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the identification and quantitation of individual phosphatidylcholine molecular species from natural mixtures that seems to be adequate for the analysis of PC from many biological sources is proposed.
73 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described a simplified version of the method and reported the results of a study of its application to different tissues, including the efficiency of the washing procedure in terms of the removal from tissue lipides of some non-lipide substances of special biochemical interest.
59,550 citations
TL;DR: The lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials that has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.
Abstract: Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can...
46,099 citations
TL;DR: Several indications exist that the acyltransferase reaction is the major source of plasma esterified cholesterol in man, and one possibility is that it plays a role in the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.
2,336 citations