Newlands, Old Lands: Native American Labor, Agrarian Ideology, and the Progressive-Era State in the Making of the Newlands Reclamation Project, 1902––1926
01 May 2002-Pacific Historical Review (University of California Press Journals)-Vol. 71, Iss: 2, pp 203-238
TL;DR: In the case of the Newlands Reclamation Project, dispossessed Native Americans provided essential labor, ensuring the nominal success of this initial Reclamation Service project during the first three decades of the twentieth century as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Historical interpretations focusing on the development of irrigated agricultural communities in the early twentiethcentury American West have consistently repeated the neat division between "family" and "industrial" modes of production. However, these distinctions collapse when one recognizes that the seasonal demand for harvest labor could not be met from within the smallholders' households. Transient labor, as well as year-round wage work by property-less workers, appears to have been the rule even on the irrigated West's family farms.
In the case of the Newlands Reclamation Project, dispossessed Native Americans provided essential labor, ensuring the nominal success of this initial Reclamation Service project during the first three decades of the twentieth century. In Nevada, Paiute and Shoshone laborers provided a local and low-cost work force. This irrigation culture could not avoid the pitfalls of capitalist agriculture that relied upon the dispossession of Indian lands and resources and the coerced labor of an underclass of Indian workers. While Paiute and Shoshone labor was certainly coerced, there were limits. This article demonstrates the degree to which these people maintained an autonomous community and culture. Drawing on precolonial roots, Native North American communities shared in the challenges and creative adaptations exhibited by indigenous communities globally in response to settler capitalism.
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Dissertation•
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: A History of Hoptopia: The Local and Global Roots of a Willamette Valley Specialty Crop Among the grain fields and orchards of Oregon’s willamette valley grows a distinctive plant called hops.
Abstract: A History of Hoptopia: The Local and Global Roots of a Willamette Valley Specialty Crop Among the grain fields and orchards of Oregon’s Willamette Valley grows a distinctive plant called hops. The specialty crop is non-native, but local farming communities have welcomed it for nearly 150 years. In this rural agricultural region, the climbing plant stands alone for its vigorous vertical growth on wire-trellis supports and bright green cones that span the length of its vines. Passersby cannot mistake the hop’s unique physical presence. In the past thirty years, hops have also become increasingly visible in surrounding urban centers. Once a topic reserved mostly for brewers, a craft beer revolution and local foods movement have inspired Portlanders and residents of other nearby metropolitan areas to appreciate the plant. Advertisers near and far have also picked up on this intrigue and made the hop evermore visible on beer bottle labels and in television commercials. The widespread interest in hops is not new. It has just changed over time. Unbeknownst to many of the Pacific Northwest’s beer connoisseurs, not to mention the general American public, the Willamette Valley was once at the global center of hop production. In the first half of the twentieth century, Oregon produced forty percent of the American hop crop, contributing millions of hops to the world’s marketplace. Historically, hops have been Oregon’s most important specialty crop and their presence
45 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 2013
32 citations
DOI•
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a Table of Table of contents of the table. And acknowledgments and acknowledgments of the Table of Contents. And Table of content of the tables.
Abstract: ......................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... iv Table of
28 citations
TL;DR: The authors analyzes the career of Nevada Senator Francis G. Newlands in order to show how the sugar industry and Asian immigration were intrinsic to debates over imperial policy between 1898 and the First World War.
Abstract: This article contends that the chronology of popular and legislative movements for restrictive tariffs and immigration exclusion in the United States ran parallel courses between 1898 and the 1930. Those who spoke for and against such policies did so using the rhetoric of race, labor, and empire. The article analyzes the career of Nevada Senator Francis G. Newlands in order to show how the sugar industry and Asian immigration were intrinsic to debates over imperial policy between 1898 and the First World War. The article then describes policy changes during the First World War. The war set the stage for renewed debates over immigration and the sugar trade in the 1920s as the newly formed Tariff Commission attempted to grapple with an oversupplied world sugar market. Their work ultimately reinforced the old associations among race, labor, and trade policy and did little to improve the global sugar crisis.
15 citations
Cites background from "Newlands, Old Lands: Native America..."
...The sugar plant signaled Newlands’ hopes that white settlers could coax productive, modern small farms out of the desert landscape, displacing Native American land rights in the process.(63) Indeed, displaced Paiute and Shoshone Indians performed much of the wage labor in the Fallon...
[...]
2 citations
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01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The Thaba-Tseka development project as mentioned in this paper has been used to study power, property, and livestock in rural Lesotho, and the deployment of development: livestock development the decentralization of crop development and some other programmes of the Thaba Tseka project.
Abstract: Part 1 Introduction. Part 2 The development apparatus: conceptual apparatus - the constitution of the object of "development" - Lesotho as "less developed country" institutional apparatus - the Thaba-Tseka development project. Part 3 The target population: the setting - aspects of economy and society in rural Lesotho the bovine mystique - a study of power, property, and livestock in rural Lesotho. Part 4 The deployment of "development": livestock development the decentralization debacle crop development and some other programmes of the Thaba-Tseka project. Part 5 Instrument-effects of a development project: the anti-politics machine epilogue - "What is to be done?"
2,482 citations
1,784 citations
TL;DR: For example, between 1873 and 1935 dramatic changes took place in the character of production in the industrial nations of the world as discussed by the authors and the new social importance of wage laborers, while certainly not the only features of the era, are often viewed as its central, interrelated, and dynamic basis.
Abstract: Between 1873 and 1935 dramatic changes took place in the character of production in the industrial nations of the world. Longstanding and newly formed states in Europe and America engaged in vigorous campaigns of territorial expansion, so that virtually all the globe came to be incorporated within the sphere of world markets. During the same period, the expansion in industrial countries of new techniques of mass production coincided with growth and consolidation of organizations of people who worked for wages. The expansion of world markets, the development of mass produc— tion, and the new social importance of wage laborers, while certainly not the only features of the era, are often viewed as its central, interrelated, and dynamic basis.1 In this context, the transformations of production which accompanied the rise of a world wheat market during these decades were quite unusual.
325 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1984TL;DR: Hoxie as discussed by the authors co-edited with Joan Mark, E. E. Gay's With the Nez Perces: Alice Fletcher in the Field, 1889-92 (Nebraska 1981).
Abstract: "This is an important book. In the latter nineteenth century, diverse and influential elements in white America combined forces to settle the 'Indian question' through assimilation...The results were the essentially treaty-breaking Dawes Act of 1887, related legislation, and dubious court decisions. Schoolteachers and missionaries were dispatched to the reservations en masse. Eventual 'citizenship' without functional rights was given Native Americans; the Indians lost two-thirds of reservation land as it had existed before the assimilationist campaign...With insight and skill that go well beyond craft, Hoxie has admirably defined issues and motives, placed economic/political/social interaction into cogent perspective, brought numerous Anglo and Indian individuals and organizations to life, and set forth important lessons."-Choice. "This significant study of Indian-white relations during a complex time in national politics deserves close attention."-American Indian Quarterly. "Important and intellectually challenging ...This volume goes far to fill a large gap in the history of United States Indian policy."-Journal of American History. Frederick E.Hoxie is director of the D'Arcy McNickle Center for the History of the American Indian at the Newberry Library. He coedited (with Joan Mark) E. Jane Gay's With the Nez Perces: Alice Fletcher in the Field, 1889-92 (Nebraska 1981).
324 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an in-depth study of government policy, Indian responses, and the socioeconomic condition of the reserve communities on the prairies in the post-treaty era.
Abstract: Despite repeated requests for assistance from Plains Indians, the Canadian government provided very little help between 1874 and 1885, and what little they did give proved useless. Although drought, frost, and other natural phenomena contributed to the failure of early efforts, reserve farmers were determined to create an economy based on agriculture and to become independent of government regulations and the need for assistance. Officials in Ottawa, however, attributed setbacks not to economic or climatic conditions but to the Indians' character and traditions which, they claimed, made the Indians unsuited to agriculture. In the decade following 1885 government policies made farming virtually impossible for the Plains Indians. They were expected to subsist on one or two acres and were denied access to any improvements in technology: farmers had to sow seed by hand, harvest with scythes, and thresh with flails. After the turn of the century, the government encouraged land surrenders in order to make good agricultural land available to non-Indian settlers. This destroyed any chance the Plains Indians had of making agriculture a stable economic base. Through an examination of the relevant published literature and of archival sources in Ottawa, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, Carter provides the first in-depth study of government policy, Indian responses, and the socio-economic condition of the reserve communities on the prairies in the post-treaty era.
126 citations